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Toward an Environment for Comprehending Distributed Systems

Toward an Environment for Comprehending Distributed Systems. Outline. Motivation Software comprehension environment Data gathering Data repository Preliminary results Conclusions and future work. Background. Project Comprehending distributed component-based systems Phase-I

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Toward an Environment for Comprehending Distributed Systems

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  1. Toward an Environment for Comprehending Distributed Systems Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  2. Outline • Motivation • Software comprehension environment • Data gathering • Data repository • Preliminary results • Conclusions and future work Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  3. Background • Project • Comprehending distributed component-based systems • Phase-I • Development of a core toolset • Phase-II (Iterative) • Modeling and visualization • Evaluation Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  4. Characteristics of modern software systems • Large and complex • Distributed • Written in multiple programming languages • Developed using component-models Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  5. Software Comprehension Challenges • Unavailability of source code • Vigder-2001, Weyuker-2001 • Physical distribution of components • Bruegge-1993, Mendonca-1999 • Use of pre-built component • Stroermer-2002, Vigder-2001, Weyuker-2001 • Multiple programming languages • Hassan-2002, Chen-1995, • Koschke-1998, Stroermer-2002 • Demeyer-1999, CDIF-1994, XML/XMI-2002 Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  6. Approach • Software Comprehension Environment • Technical issues • Distributed profilers • Single data repository • Data management • Extensible architecture • Data gathering and Repository subsystems • Modeling and visualization subsystem • Empirical evaluation • Survey/questionnaire • Industrial-strength case studies – Cigna Corporation Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  7. Software Comprehension Environment Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  8. Data Gathering subsystem Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  9. Data Gathering subsystem • Distributed Profiler • Local Profiler • Logical Time Server • Data collection manager • Remote Interactions • Network interceptor • Communication Endpoint • Program Facts/Data • Static: Entities and Relations • Dynamic: Entities, Relations and Events Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  10. Data Gathering subsystem • Endpoint entity • Local and Remote host • Local and Remote port numbers • Time-stamp • Connects Relation Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  11. Example: Sequence Diagram Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  12. Data Gathering subsystem • Supported data collectors • WDBG Win32 Profiler • JVPROF Java Profiler • JSA Java static analyzer • Others, provided the conversion to XML • Network-call interceptors • WDBG and JVPROF Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  13. Data Repository • Logical Models • Language definitions • Program Data • Used-defined views • Implementation • Relational database • Query/Manipulation Language • SQL • SMQL Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  14. Language Definitions • Model(General) = Graph(Eg , Rg) Eg: Set of entity types Rg: Set of relation types • Java, example: • Model(Java) = Graph(Ejava , Rjava) EjavaEg : Entity types supported by Java RjavaRg : Relation types supported by Java Such that the source and destination entity Ejava • C++, defining Model(C++) = Graph(Ec++, Rc++) Ec++ = Ejava {template, struct, typedef, function} - {interface, package} Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  15. Java Language Example Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  16. SMQL • SMQL • Software Modeling Query Language • Set-based: • Typed Set • Entity Set • Relation Set • Event Set • Generic Set • Extensible using Java Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  17. SMQL • Operations • Union, intersection, Difference • Functions • Closure Closure(Source, Target, RelationTypes) Returns a Relation-Set • Composition • Builds a hierarchical model from flat set of entities into a nested set of entities • Output: Saves a typed-set as an XML document • Output_dot: Saves a relation set as DOT graph Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  18. Example: Deployment Architecture Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  19. SMQL: Defining Entity Set EntityIdentifier { [caption=String;] type=StringSet; (EntityFirstOrderFilter)+ } EntityFirstOrderFilter :: include ( EntityAttrib ) = StringSet ; | exclude ( EntityAttrib ) = StringSet ; Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  20. SMQL: Inheritance example // Get Inheritance tree rooted at org.mortbay.http.HttpListener // OR org.mortbay.http.HttpHandler EntitySet Http { caption = "HttpListener" ; type = {“interface”, “class”} ; include (name) = { "org.mortbay.http.HttpListener", "org.mortbay.http.HttpHandler" } ; include (project) = { "jetty" } ; } Inh_Http = closure(null, Http, { “implement”, “subclass” } ) ; Output (“file.xml”, Inh_Http, Http) ; Output_dot (“graph.dot”, Inh_Http) ; Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  21. SMQL: Inheritance example Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  22. Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  23. Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  24. SMQL: Events Example // Events from Tear & Jetty importjava:serg.sc.filter.CallGraph as CallGraph ; EventSet Events { caption = "Event (Jetty & Tear) " ; type = { "method-entry", "method-exit", "endpoint", "thread-start", "thread-end", "module-load", "process-start", "process-end"} ; include (project) = {"jetty-rt", "Tear"} ; } // Convert events trace into a CallGraph (Relation Set) GC = CallGraph( events ) ; // Save as results output ("tear-jetty.xml", events); Output_dot (“GC.dot”, GC) ; Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  25. SMQL: Events Example Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  26. Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  27. SMQL: User defined functions • User-defined functions • IFilter interface Importjava:Qualified-Java-Class-NameasFunctionName ; • Example Importjava:serg.sc.MyClass as MyFunction EntitySet E { caption = "HttpListener" ; type = {“interface”, “class”} ; include (name) = { "org.mortbay.http.HttpListener” } ; include (project) = { "jetty" } ; } X = MyFunction(E) ; Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  28. Modeling and visualization subsystem Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  29. Progress • Repository implementation • SQL Server & Hypersonic DB • Data gathering • WDBG, JVPROF, and JSA • Tools • SMQL • Dbmgr - Database and SMQL front-end • dbImport, dbexport Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  30. Conclusions and Future Work • Software Comprehension Environment • Dynamic analysis of distributed systems • Multi-language systems • Common repository • Distributed profiler • SMQL • Future work • Phase I • Performance • Support for Microsoft.Net, VB and COM+ • Phase II (Early stage) • Construction and visualization of views • Empirical evaluation in an industrial setting (at Cigna) Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  31. References Vigder-2001] M. Vigder. The evolution, maintenance, and management of component-based systems. In G. Heineman and W. Councill, editors, Component-Based Software Engineering: Putting the Pieces Together, chapter 29, pages 527. 539. Addison-Wesley, 2001. [Weyuker-2001] E. J. Weyuker. The trouble with testing components. In G. Heineman and W. Councill, editors, Component-Based Software Engineering: Putting the Pieces Together, chapter 28, pages 499.512. Addison-Wesley, 2001. [Stroermer-2002] C. Stroermer, L. O'Brien, and C. Verhoef. Practice patterns for architecture reconstruction. In Proceedings of the 9th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE), Richmond, VA, USA, October 2002. [Hassan-2002] A. E. Hassan and R. C. Holt. Architecture recovery of web applications. In 24th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Orlando, Florida, USA, May 2002. [Chen-1995] Y.-F. R. Chen, G. S. Fowler, E. Koutsoos, and R. S. Wallach. Ciao: A graphical navigator for software and document repositories. In Proceedings of International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM), Nice, France, October 1995. IEEE. Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

  32. References [Demeyer-1999] S. Demeyer, S. Tichelaar, and P. Steyaert. Famix 2.0 – the famoos information exchange model. Technical report, University of Berne, August 1999. [CDIF-1994] Electronic Industries Alliance and International Standards Organization (EIA/ISO). CDIF - Framework for Modeling and Extensibility, 1994. [XML/XMI-2002] Object Management Group. XML Metadata Interchange (XMI), version 1.2 edition, January 2002. [Koschke-1998] R. Koschke, J.-F. Girard, and M.Wurthner. An intermediate representation for reverse engineering analysis. In Proceedings of the 5th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE), Honolulu, HI, USA, October 1998. [Bruegge-1993] B. Bruegge, T. Gottschalk, and B. Luo. A framework for dynamic program analysis. In Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOSLA93), Washington, USA, September 1993. [Mendonca-1999] N. C. Mendonca. Software Architecture Recovery for Distributed Systems. PhD thesis, Department of University of London, November 1999. Reverse Engineering (Dynamic Analysis)

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