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This study explores the design and implementation of a mixed-mode time-use diary for the Age 14 survey of the Millennium Cohort Study, examining the instruments, data quality, challenges, and next steps.
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Design and Implementation of a Mixed Mode Time Use Diary in the Age 14 Survey of the Millennium Cohort Study Emily Gilbert, Centre for Longitudinal Studies Lisa Calderwood, Centre for Longitudinal Studies Emla Fitzsimons, Centre for Longitudinal Studies
Thanks to our funders and host institution Funded by www.esrc.ac.uk Hosted by www.ioe.ac.uk
Outline • Introduction to the Millennium Cohort Study • Age 14 time use diary mixed-mode research design • Instruments • Data quality • Challenges and next steps
Millennium Cohort Study • Following the lives of approximately 19,000 children born between 2000-2002 in the UK. • Seven waves completed: 9 months, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 and 17 years • Multidisciplinary focus: child development, behaviour, education, health, poverty, etc. • Linked with admin data: education records, birth records, medical records • Funded by ESRC and consortium of UK government departments. • Time use diary: new survey element at Age 14
Age 14 time use diary: research design • Pre-coded light diaries: 44 age-specific activity codes • Two diaries per respondent: weekday and weekend • Main activity, location, who with, enjoyment • Mixed-mode design: time use app & web-administered diary • Paper diaries offered only to those with no internet access or those refusing to fill in app/web
Selection into mode • Gender: girls more likely to use the app than the web. • Ethnicity: white cohort members more likely to use the app. Pakistani and black African CMs more likely to use paper than app. • Two-parent HHs: less likely to use paper. • Strong effects by socio-economic status: • Housing tenure: CMs in home-owning families much less likely to use paper than the other two modes. • Parental qualification: highly educated more likely to use app, low education more likely to use paper. • Parental job: no job more likely to use paper, managerial and professional less likely to use paper
Diary quality • Good quality diary threshold: less than 90 minutes missing activity time, 7 episodes, 3 out 4 main daily activities reported (sleep/rest, personal care, eating/drinking, movement/exercise/travel) • No information: blank diary returned/submitted
Mean number of episodes reported Note: Good quality diaries only
Challenges • How to account for different time-slot formats used - 10 mins for web and paper, 1 min for app • Need to implement complex diary processing, commonly used in time-use research with paper diaries, and adapt for web and app • No established approach or prior literature about methods for mixed-mode comparisons of diary data
Next steps • Carry out full diary processing to allow mode comparison • Adjust the measurement differences to take into account selection
Summary and conclusions • Electronic diaries successfully used to capture the daily activities of 14 year olds. • App most popular instrument – over two thirds chose to use this mode. • The app does not allow the respondent to visualise context and coterminous dimensions effects, but still yields good quality data. • Selection into mode – sex, ethnicity, socio-economic. • Web and app instruments yielded higher quality data than the paper diary (web slightly out-performed app). • Web and app generally most similar in terms of measurement – unexpected.
For more detail on diary design and implementation, please see the Social Indicators Research article:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-017-1569-5CLS working paper (2015/5): https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/CLS-WP-2015-5.pdf.Forthcoming pre-print on the mixed mode analysis: Gilbert, E., Calderwood, L. and Fitzsimons, E. (forthcoming) Does mode matter? The impact of using a mixed mode time use diary on data quality and measurement in the Age 14 Survey of the Millennium Cohort Study. CLS pre-print.Data are available from UKDS.
Thank you emily.gilbert@ucl.ac.uk @DrEmilyGilbert