Origin of Himalaya

1. Origin of Himalayas

2. Tectonics Plates • Once, all the world’s landmass connected, forming one supercontinent known as Pangea. • Approximately 200 million years ago, sea floor spreading apart this giant continent into pieces, eventually forming the continents we know today.

3. As convection currents is a process which involve the movement of energy from one place to another. As this convection process happens, those circulations push the lithosphere’s plates slowly shifting the globe’s landscape over time.

4. 80 million years ago, India was approx. 6400 km south of the Eurasian plate. Separating the two was the Tethys Sea. The Indo-Australian was pushed northward by the convection currents generated in the inner mantle. India made its way across the sea toward the Eurasian plate. • 40 million year ago, the Tethys sea began to shrink and its seabed slowly pushed upwards. • Around 20 million years ago the Tethys Sea disappeared completely

5. Evolutionary Model of the Himalayas

6. Subduction of India crust to 250 km depth, scraping of the sedimentary and upper crustal material from the subduction plate.

7. Rapid uplift of the subducted crustal slice to a few to several tens of kilometer depth. Break-off of the Indian mantle with the attached previously subducted oceanic lithosphere.

8. Heating weakening and uplift of the remaining in the mantle crustal segment of the Indian margin.

9. Under plating of the Indian continental lithosphere under Asia and initiation of delamination of the Indian lithospheric mantle.

10. Failure of the Indian crust in front subducted zone and initiation of the MCT.

11. Replacement of the Asia mantle by the underplated Indian crust started at stage

12. Formation of the South Tibet detachment and exhumation of the metamorphics in the Crystalline Himalayas

13. Himalayas Mountain Range Length of Himalayas are 2400km

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