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Athens and Sparta: A Tale of Ancient Greek Rule and Order

Explore the contrasting histories and political structures of Athens and Sparta, fundamental city-states in ancient Greece. Discover how monarchy, aristocracy, and oligarchy shaped their governance, while the Phalanx and Dorian Age influenced their military tactics. Learn about Sparta's militaristic society and Athens' democratic principles, marked by Draco's code and Solon's legal reforms. Uncover the roles of citizens, slaves, and women in these powerful polis, where duty, discipline, and democracy intersect.

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Athens and Sparta: A Tale of Ancient Greek Rule and Order

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  1. Athens & Sparta’s History

  2. Rule & Order • Polis • Fundamental political unit political unit in ancient Greece • Countryside & surrounding cities • 50-500 square miles of territory • Fewer than 20,000 residents • Acropolis • Male citizens gather to conduct business

  3. Political Structures • Monarchy • King or monarchs rule • Ultimate control • Aristocracy • Small group of noble, land-owning families • Gained control by working in kings military • Oligarchy • Few powerful people

  4. Phalanx • Dorian Age • Bronze weapons • Wealthy owned • Iron replaces Bronze b/c cheaper • Ordinary citizens could own weapons now • Citizens expected to defend polis • Foot soldiers (Hoplites) • Shield in 1 hand • Spear in the other • Tyrants use unemployed to seize control

  5. Sparta • Military state • Southern part on Peloponnesus • No colonies just brute force • Messenia circa 725 B.C. • B/C Helots • Peasants forced to stay on land & work it • Spartans demanded 50% of crops each year • 600 B.C. revolt of helots • Result? Sparta needs to be stronger

  6. Government & Society • 2 groups ruled • Assembly • Council of Elders • Proposed laws to be passed • Ephors • 5 elected officials carry out laws • Controlled education & court cases • 2 Kings control army

  7. Education • Military training • Boys left home @ age 7 to begin • Wore no shoes • Harsh conditions to make good soldiers • Women • Could not vote • Ran family while men served polis • Most powerful army in Greece (600-371 B.C.) • Individuals discouraged • Result? • No value in arts • Valued duty, strength, & discipline over individuality, beauty, & freedom

  8. Athenian Democracy • Polar opposite of Sparta • Free thinking • Imagination & curiosity • All free citizens involved in government • Slaves, foreigners living w/i Athens & women do not have rights • Slaves = 1/3 of pop. & worked mines, fields, & housework

  9. Draco’s code • Aristocrats & common folk always fighting • 621 B.C. Cylon tried to est. a tyranny • Commoners insist on written laws • Included contracts & property ownership • Solon • Gets total control to reform laws (debt slavery)

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