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National 5

National 5. Music. Key Signatures. Copy down the key signatures from the board. Note how each can mean two keys – a major or a relative minor. There is more information on key signatures on p43 of your blue literacy workbook. Time Signatures.

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National 5

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  1. National 5 Music

  2. Key Signatures • Copy down the key signatures from the board. • Note how each can mean two keys – a major or a relative minor. • There is more information on key signatures on p43 of your blue literacy workbook.

  3. Time Signatures • Time signatures tell us how many beats are in the bar. • Music can be in simple time or compound time. • Simple time signatures have beats which can be split into 2 quavers and the bottom number is 4. • Compound time signatures have beats which can be split into 3 quavers and the bottom number is 8.

  4. . In simple time, each beat is split into two quavers – you can count “apple apple” along with it. In compound time, each beat is split into three quavers – you can count “strawberry strawberry” along with it. Simple and compound time

  5. Anacrusis • An anacrusis is where the piece does not begin on the first beat of the bar, eg in Happy Birthday. • Memory tip: sing the word “anacrusis” to the beginning of happy birthday.

  6. Dynamics Crescendo– gradually getting louder Diminuendo– gradually getting quieter Sforzando – suddenly loud (sfz) Fortissimo Forte Mezzo forte Mezzo piano Piano Pianissimo Very loud Loud Moderately loud Moderately quiet Quiet Very quiet

  7. Tempo Adagio Slow Andante Walking pace Allegro Quick, lively A tempo – the direction given to return to the original speed Accellerando – gradually getting faster Rallentando – gradually getting slower

  8. Other Italian terms Legato, indicated by a curved line above or below the notes, means smooth. Staccato, indicated by dots above or below the notes, means short and bouncy. A pause instructs the player to hold the note for longer than its value. A repeat sign instructs the player to repeat from the beginning or the last repeat sign. An accent instructs the player to play the note with more force.

  9. Major and Minor • Major and minor describe the tonality of the music. • Major keys sound happier and brighter. • Minor keys sound darker or sad. • Major and minor can also describe chords (as in your compositions). • Major and minor are also scales: try playing them on the keyboard and listen to the difference in sound.

  10. Consonance and Dissonance • Consonance is the term to describe notes which go well together. Major and minor chords are both consonant. • Dissonance is the term to describe notes which clash. Adjacent notes played together are dissonant.

  11. Ascending and Descending • Ascending is when the notes get higher. • Descending is when the notes get lower.

  12. Moving by Step and Moving by Leap • When the melody moves to adjacent notes (eg C – D – E), we say it moves by step. • When the melody moves to notes further away, we say it moves by leap.

  13. Repetition, Imitation and Sequence • Repetition is where a bit of the music is played again. It could be a short pattern or an entire section. • Imitation is where one instrument/voice copies another immediately and exactly. • Sequence is a pattern of notes repeated higher or lower.

  14. In this piece… • Write down what concepts you can hear. • Instruments/ensembles • Melody (step, leap, ascending, descending, repetition, imitation, sequence) • Tonality (major and minor) • Tempo and time signature • Dynamics • Other features (legato, staccato, consonance, dissonance, accents etc)

  15. Chords • We have already looked at the most common kind of chords (triads) in our composition. • A chord is quite simply two or more notes played together. • A broken chord is the notes of a chord played one after another. • An arpeggio is a type of broken chord where the notes are played ascending or descending.

  16. Scales • A scale is a pattern of notes which can be played ascending or descending. • The notes of a scale are used to write melodies of songs / pieces. • All the scales you need to know are on p16 of your National 5 concept booklet – play each of them and listen to what they sound like.

  17. Cadences • A cadence is the final two chords in a phrase of music. • The two you need to know are: • Perfect: sounds complete. V-I. • Imperfect: sounds incomplete. I-V.

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