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Understanding Earthquakes: Scales, Hazards, and Historical Impacts

This quiz explores key concepts related to earthquakes, including the measurement scales used to assess their intensity and damage—specifically the Richter and Modified Mercalli scales. It delves into what defines an earthquake's epicenter and the role of seismic stations in locating it. Additionally, the effects of major earthquakes, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and its disastrous consequences, are examined. Gain insights into earthquake hazards including structural failure, soil liquefaction, and tsunamis while understanding historical earthquake occurrences and their global impact.

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Understanding Earthquakes: Scales, Hazards, and Historical Impacts

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Presentation Transcript

  1. QUIZ 10/28 • What does the Richter scale measure? • What does the Modified Mercalli Scale measure? • What scale is used to describe the amount of damage caused by an earthquake? • How many seismic stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? BONUS • Describe the effect of an earthquake with a 9.0 on the Richter Scale. • What is a Seismologists?

  2. EQ HAZARDS • Probability of an EQ is determined by historic occurrences • Identify EQ hazards help in preventing some damage and loss of life

  3. Hazards • Structural Failure • Land & Soil Failure(soil liquefaction) • Tsunami • Landslides & Fires

  4. Soil Liquefaction

  5. TSUNAMI • A large ocean wave generated by vertical motions of the seafloor during an EQ • In deep oceans the waves travel fast with a height of 1 m • When waves enter shallow water, height could exceed 30 m

  6. DECEMBER 2004 TSUNAMI • INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKE • Magnitude 9.0 EQ about 160km west of Sumatra • A 30 m plus tall wave struck several nations • What do you think the Death toll was 225,000

  7. NY Times

  8. EQ Forecasting Probability of an EQ occurrence based on: • History of EQ in an area • Rate at which strain builds up in the rocks

  9. EARTHQUAKES WORLD WIDE • 500,000 detectable earthquakes in the world each year. 100,000 of those can be felt & 100 of them cause damage • The largest recorded earthquake in the world was a magnitude 9.5 (Mw) in Chile on May 22, 1960 • The world's deadliest recorded earthquake occurred in 1556 in central China killing an estimated 830,000 people

  10. ANY QUESTIONS?

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