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Natural Environment

Natural Environment. Ultimately, the natural environment is defined, studied, and altered by humans , in varying degrees at different times and places. What are the special characteristics of land ? Fixed location Finite Diverse Biological Expensive Large quantities High transfer costs

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Natural Environment

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  1. Natural Environment Ultimately, the natural environment is defined, studied, and altered by humans, in varying degrees at different times and places.

  2. What are the special characteristics of land? • Fixed location • Finite • Diverse • Biological • Expensive • Large quantities • High transfer costs • Infrequent turnover • Legal restrictions and rights Is land a resource or a commodity? Which of the above characteristics are relevant to each concept? Classify. USA Major Land Uses

  3. Contrasting theories of nature USA Major Land Uses

  4. Land uses issues by location: rural vs. urban. Add the relevant adjectives in each of the cells. USA Major Land Uses

  5. Land use conflicts vary with scale. Merchant vs. merchant, e.g., location of bus stop Merchants vs. homeowners: location of public parking or playground Neighborhood vs. Neighborhood: location of new junior high school City vs. cities/counties: location of new shopping mall or industries State vs. state: location of military base, nuclear waste dump Country(ies) vs. country(ies): trade policies, etc. USA Major Land Uses

  6. USA Land Grants Excludes Alaska. Source: www.blm.gov/natacq/pls02/pls1-2_02.pdf

  7. The contiguous 48 states cover nearly 1.9 billion acres. • The majority of this area (74 percent) is in nonfederal, ruralland uses -- nearly 1.4 billion acres, which is composed of rangeland, forest land, cropland, pastureland, other rural land. • A subset of these lands is defined as prime farmland -- those lands with the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, fiber, and oilseeds. In 2001, there were about 330 million acres of prime farmland(24%) in the contiguous United States. USA Major Land Uses

  8. The Economic Research Service of the US Dept. of Agriculture classifies counties into several types, depending on their economies. USA Major Land Uses

  9. USA Major Land Uses Counties are classified into urban types.

  10. USA Major Land Uses The rural-urban continuum in the USA by county.

  11. USA Major Land Uses

  12. USA Major Land Uses

  13. Reasons for buying land: • Agricultural production: food and fiber • Recreational uses: lakeshores, ski huts, hobby farms and ranches • Hedge against inflation: 1950-1980 average land prices rose 900%. 2012 was the third consecutive year of big jumps in agricultural land values since the 1970s. In 2013 land prices in the Midwest rose 16%. • Tax dodge: capital gain taxes have historically been lower than income tax brackets (commonly by 50%) The trend to buy rural land for recreational uses has resulted in land divisions. Over 20 million acres are now owned in parcel sizes smaller than 50 acres. “Parcellation” severely limits future commodity production on these lands. USA Major Land Uses

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