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Reformation 1300- 1600

Reformation 1300- 1600. Causes of the Reformation. By 1500, forces weakened Church Renaissance challenged Church authority Movement began in Germany Spread throughout Europe because of political and social forces. Problems within Catholic Church.

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Reformation 1300- 1600

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  1. Reformation1300- 1600

  2. Causes of the Reformation • By 1500, forces weakened Church • Renaissance challenged Church authority • Movement began in Germany • Spread throughout Europe because of political and social forces

  3. Problems within Catholic Church • Critics of Church claimed leaders were corrupt • Popes- patrons • Spent extravagantly • Too busy pursuing worldly affairs than spiritual duties

  4. Problems cont’d • Lower clergy and their problems • Poorly educated • Broke priestly vows

  5. Early Calls for Reform • Influenced by reformers, people expected higher standards • In early 1300s and 1400s, people were demanding reforms

  6. Luther Challenges the Church • Wanted to be a good Christian • Stood against Tetzel who was selling indulgences • 95 Theses

  7. Luther’s Teachings • Wanted full reform of the Church • Teachings • Could win salvation only by faith in God • Church teachings should be based on Bible • All people with faith were equal

  8. Pope Gets MAD!! • Luther initially viewed as a rebellious monk • Later Pope realized he was a serious threat • Pope threatens with excommunication

  9. Holy Roman Emperor Gets MAD too!! • Charles V was a devout Catholic and didn’t like Luther’s teachings • He summons Luther for trial and later is declared an outlaw • Ruler of Saxony took him in • Luther’s ideas still carried on and became known as Lutherans

  10. Great Schism (in Germany) • Within Roman Catholic Church • Much fighting occurred • Peace of Augsburg- agreed that the religion of each German state was to be decided by its ruler

  11. Henry VIII of England • King of England • Needed Male heir • Wanted a divorce, but not granted • Called Parliament into session and asked to end pope’s power • Reformation Parliament gave him power to lead English Church

  12. Henry VIII cont’d • Power hungry • Had 3 children succeed him • Elizabeth I, Mary Queen of Scots and Edward VI

  13. John Calvin • Calvin went beyond Luther • Ideas/ Teachings known as Calvinism • Teachings • God grants his grace to whomever he chooses regardless of individual behaviors • God chooses very few to save- predestination • Men and women are sinful by nature

  14. Calvinism cont’d • Believed ideal government was a theocracy • Tried in Geneva and worked • Ideas spread- Protestant Churches trace their roots back to him

  15. Anabaptists • Believed that only adults could decide to be baptized • If done as a child, should do again as an adult • Greek word for “baptize again” • Believed that Church and state should be separate

  16. Catholic Reformation • Millions remained loyal • The movement within the Church to reform itself • Great reformer- Ignatius of Loyola • Believed daily devotions cleansed soul • Wrote a book laying out daily meditation, prayer and study

  17. Catholic Reformation cont’d • Reforming popes • Paul III in 1534 took important steps forward • Investigated abuses with Church • Council of Trent- organized great leaders to discuss/ agree on doctrines

  18. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) • Reaffirms the Church’s beliefs and doctrines • Called for better trained priests (rise of seminaries) • Reformed Church financial and administrative policies • Greatly supported by Spain, France, and Italy

  19. Protestant countries England Scotland Scandinavia Northern Germany “Low Countries” Catholic countries Italy France Spain Portugal Ireland Southern Germany Divided Europeinto two religious parts

  20. Legacy of the Reformation • Protestant Churches flourished, despite religious wars and persecutions • Religion no longer united in Europe • Church’s power declined • Helped to set the stage for the modern world

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