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Understanding Children's Misconceptions in Secondary Science: Microbes, States, and Particles

This research analyzes children's ideas about microbes, solids, liquids, and gases, revealing significant misconceptions. Studies highlight that children aged 5-11 often struggle to differentiate between pathogens causing diseases, confusing contagious and non-contagious illness. As they grow, misunderstandings persist, such as mistaking solids for liquids and misunderstanding gas properties. Research indicates that misconceptions affect comprehension of scientific principles, including the behavior of materials across states and the role of particles. Addressing these ideas is crucial for enhancing science education and fostering scientific literacy among students.

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Understanding Children's Misconceptions in Secondary Science: Microbes, States, and Particles

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  1. By Rosalind Driver, Ann Squires, Peter Rushworth and Valerie Wood-Robinson Making Sense of Secondary Science

  2. Research Into Children’s Ideas • Microbes • Solids, Liquids, And Gases • Particles

  3. Microbes • Bug • Bacteria • Virus • Germ

  4. Microbes As Living Things • Nagy’s Study • (370 participants) Ages 5-11yrs old- unaware that each disease is caused by a separate distinct pathogen • Maxted’s Study • 12 and 13 year olds • Bacteria are living but none could use criteria to define the characteristics of a bacterial life

  5. Microbes and Disease • Nagy’s Study (British and American) • Children didn’t distinguish between contagious and non-contagious diseases • Barenholtz andTamir • Israeli 15-17 year olds • Students couldn’t differentiate between prevention and cure

  6. Microbes and Disease con’t • Maxted • Students said that you could catch a cold by getting cold and wet • Most sample groups also were unaware that antibiotics are for bacterial infections and are useless against viral infections

  7. Decay and Recycling • Brinkman and Boschhuizen • 30% of Israeli teenagers said they would eliminate all micro-organisms from earth • 3% would let them stay but only because they are a part of God’s creation, without any part in the master plan

  8. Biotechnology • Maxted • Thought bacteria could be useful as dead but no indication about knowledge of using live bacteria for vaccines

  9. Solids, Liquids, And Gases

  10. Solid State • Stavy and Stachel • Studied Israeli children aged 5-13 yrs old • Research indicated that: • Younger children regard any rigid material as solid • That powders are liquids • By 11, children referred to as powders as being an intermediate state

  11. Liquid State • Stavey and Stachel • Children identify liquids as “runny” • Powder is a liquid • Contain water • Less weight than solid; more weight than a gas

  12. Gaseous State • Several researchers • Many children view air as “good” and gas as “bad” • Leboutet-Barrell • Studies showed that children 9-13 yrs old think that gases have a negative weight and will make a container lighter

  13. Melting • Stavy • Two samples of ice with identical weights • One was melted • Proportions that conserved weight • 5% of 5-6 yr olds • 50% at age 7 yrs old • 75% at age 10

  14. Evaporation • Bar • Ages 5-6: impressed by disappearance of material but offer not explanation as to why • Ages 8-10: start to suggest that the liquid goes someplace-back into the solid object

  15. Boiling • Andersson (investigated Swedish students) • Boiling water that is heated for an extra 5 minutes • 40% of 12 yr olds said that the water would get hotter • 16% of 15 yr olds felt the same way

  16. Particles

  17. Particle Ideas about Solids • Dow-explored secondary school pupils • Depicted solid state as an ordered arrangement of molecules • Gave no reason why it held together • Unable to explain incompressibility of solids

  18. Particle Ideas about liquids • Dow • Found that misconceptions came from ideas that the liquid state is the halfway state between a solid and a gas

  19. Particle ideas about gases • Israeli study-15 yr olds • Explored how students visually represented O2 • Only 10% represented it as many scattered oxygen molecules

  20. Particle Ideas about Solution • Holding • 8-17 yr olds: view of dissolving • Sugar in water mixture-draw idea of what it looked like • Prevalent picture was continuous shading throughout-non particulate view • This view peaked at 20% between 10-12 yr olds

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