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Writing a Multi-Paragraph Essay The Jane Schaffer way

Writing a Multi-Paragraph Essay The Jane Schaffer way. Writing an Introduction: Ideas should go from general to specific. Paragraph should be four to five sentences including thesis statement. Thesis should go at end of introduction. Writing an Introduction.

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Writing a Multi-Paragraph Essay The Jane Schaffer way

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  1. Writing a Multi-Paragraph Essay The Jane Schaffer way Writing an Introduction: • Ideas should go from general to specific. • Paragraph should be four to five sentences including thesis statement. • Thesis should go at end of introduction.

  2. Writing an Introduction • Begin with something to catch the reader’s attention, a “hook.” For example, a question/ anecdote / interesting or provocative statement / famous quote…

  3. Introduction Introduce the texts – be sure to give the title and author • Titles of books and longer texts are italicized • Titles of articles, poems, and shorter texts have “Quote Marks” around them • Capitalize the Main Words of Each Title • If there is more than one text – you have to introduce all! • Give a little bit of background information so the reader knows what you are talking about. • Beware of too much plot summary.

  4. Writing a Thesis • Thesis = Answer to prompt + your opinion • Thesis shows your opinion about an arguable topic. • MAP OUT the rest of your essay • Each supporting detail for your opinion will become a TOPIC SENTENCE in your body paragraphs • For example: Throughout her novel, Lee suggests that injustice is a result [answer to prompt] of different levels of society [BP 1], fear of those who are different [BP 2], and pride in ancestry [BP 3].

  5. Example Introduction: Jealousy is a powerful emotion that can lead to horrible circumstances. Sometimes, people are not even aware of what they are doing when they are doing it, but their emotions take over and make them do terrible things. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, jealousy and revenge take hold of young Abigail Williams causing her to wreak havoc on an entire town. Ultimately, it is Abigail’s actions that result in the witch trials and the killing of many innocent people.

  6. Body Paragraphs-Terms to Know Topic Sentence (TS) This sentence is the first sentence in your paragraph and lets the reader know what the main focus of the paragraph will be. It MUST relate to your thesis statement.

  7. Body Paragraph-Terms to Know Concrete Detail (CD) • This is the stuff from the text– it’s the evidence for your commentary! • Plot References/Paraphrasing/facts, examples from story (what happened). Direct Quote (DQ) • Must be integrated properly! Needs a lead in or out of the quote. No drop and plop! • Include a parenthetical citation AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE (no matter where the quote went), with author’s last name and page number. For example: • (Salinger 44).

  8. Body Paragraph-Terms to Know Commentary 2x (CM) • Comes after ALL CD and DQ!!!! • This is the stuff from inside your head! • Your words and explanations. • May be referred to as: analysis, interpretation, opinion, inference, insight, reasons, elaboration. • Must be at least twice as long as your quotes. • Use your Power Verb List here!

  9. Body Paragraph-Terms to Know Concluding Sentence (CS) Use your list of transitional words and phrases! This is the last sentence in your paragraph. Sums it up and ties back to the topic sentence and your thesis (As a result,…)

  10. The “Perfect” Body Paragraph • Sent. #1 -Topic Sentence-TS (Tells the reader what the paragraph is about). • Sent. #2 - Concrete Detail-CD (An example from the text). • Sent. #3 - Direct Quote-DQ- (From the text, must be cited). • Sent. #4-6-Commentary- 2x CM (Your analysis of the quote or evidence). • Sent. #7- Concluding Sentence – CS(Sums it up and ties back to the topic sentence and thesis).

  11. What it might look like with 2+ texts • Sent. #1 -Topic Sentence-TS (Tells the reader what the paragraph is about). • Sent. #2 - Concrete Detail-CD (An example from the text). • Sent. #3 - Direct Quote-DQ- (From the text, must be cited). • Sent. #4 - Concrete Detail-CD (An example from the other text). • Sent. #5 - Direct Quote-DQ- (From the other text, must be cited). • Sent. #6-10-Commentary- 2x CM (Your analysis of the quote or evidence, HOW DOES YOUR EVIDENCE ANSWER THE PROMPT’S QUESTION?). • Sent. #11- Concluding Sentence – CS(Sums it up and ties back to the topic sentence and thesis).

  12. Example of Body Paragraph In The Crucible, hysteria is used to initiate false accusations. In Act I of the play, Rev. Hale questions Tituba about her influence on the girls’ involvement in witch craft.Hale inquires, “You have sent your spirit out upon this child, have you not?  Are you gathering souls for the Devil?” (Act I. Scene I.).Reverend Hale’s questioning encourages Abby to respond hysterically, which then gives the girls the permission to do so as well. As shown, the hysteria of Abby and the girls begins the false accusations of witchcraft for many innocent people.

  13. Example of another body paragraph • A primary impact of war is the guilt and regret soldiers carry out of the war. In his novel, O’Brien writes about the man he killed, and how he still sees him “ ______” (O’Brien 111). Here, readers see how he struggles to forgive himself, and tries to imagine what would have happened had he not thrown a grenade that killed this man. He cannot stop remembering this experience, and the guilt stays with him. Likewise, Ron Kovic, the main character from Born on the 4th of July, yells at his mom that “we killed women and children” and drinks as a way to cope with his guilt for such acts (Stone). In addition, he visits the grave and the family of the man he killed in a friendly-fire casualty, in order to release some of the guilt he has for this mistake. Finally, veteran John Smith said in an interview that, “I can’t forget the face of some of the people,” which is a sign of lingering guilt. Although their method of coping is different – O’Brien writes to deal with his guilt, Kovic drank and raged, Smith seems fine but has trouble with his memories – all three soldiers carried a considerable amount of guilt after the war.

  14. Writing a Conclusion • Like Intro, just three to five sentences. • All CM, no CD. • Do NOT repeat your thesis statement or introductory paragraph, RESTATE it using different words. • Reflect what your essay said and provide closure, moving this time from specific to general. • Try to relate your thesis to the world at large. • Do NOT add any new information! • FOR THIS ESSAY: • Give Holden advice. If you were his therapist, what next steps would you suggest he/his family take?

  15. Quotation Verbs  When introducing a quotation, choose a verb that best reflects what you want to say with the material you have chosen to quote. The following is a list of alternatives to the word “says” • demonstrates • objects • adds • defends • maintains • argues • assumes

  16. Quotation Verbs • disputes • remarks • challenges • establishes • shows • claims • specifies • compares • feels • contrasts • concludes • illustrates • suggests • stresses • contends • introduces • questions • justifies • presents • believes

  17. Transition Words or Phrases • To improve your writing you need to make sure that your ideas, both in sentences and paragraphs, stick together or have coherence and that the gap between ideas is bridged smoothly. One way to do this is by using transitions - words or phrases or techniques that help bring two ideas together. Transitional words and phrases represent one way of gaining coherence.

  18. Transition Words or Phases • Certain words help continue an idea, indicate a shift of thought or contrast, or sum up a conclusion. Check the following list of words to find those that will pull your sentences and paragraphs together.

  19. Transition Words or Phrases For continuing a common line of reasoning: • consequentlyclearly, thenfurthermoreadditionallyandin additionmoreover • in the same wayfollowing this furtheralsopursuing this furtherin the light of the... it is • becausebesides thateasy to see that

  20. Transition Words or Phrases To change the line of reasoning (contrast): • HoweverOn the other handYetNeverthelessOn the contrary

  21. Transition Words or Phrases For opening a paragraph initially or for general use: • AdmittedlyAssuredlyCertainlyGrantedNo doubtNobody deniesObviouslyOf course • UndoubtedlyUnquestionablyGenerally speakingIn general • To be sureIn this situation

  22. Transition Words or Phrases To restate a point within a paragraph in another way: • In other words • Point in fact • Specifically

  23. Transition Words or Phrases Transitional chains, to use in separating sections of a paragraph which is arranged chronologically: • first... second... third...generally... furthermore... finallyin the first place... also... lastlyin the first place... pursuing this further... finallyto be sure... additionally... lastlybasically... similarly... as well

  24. Transition Words or Phrases To signal a conclusion: • Therefore • Hence • In final analysis • In conclusion • Lastly • Finally

  25. A Few More Tips! • Do not use first person. • State your position and then support it with evidence from the text. • Describe plot elements using literary present tense and active voice. • Avoid informal, conversational expressions that are, u know, like, well, so, lol, idk, etc.

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