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Patrick Henry’s Virginia

Patrick Henry’s Virginia. Opposition and Revolution. Patrick Henry. Major Events. 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763 1764 Sugar (Revenue) Act 1765 Stamp Act 1766 Repeal of Stamp Act, Declaratory Act 1767 Townshend Acts and Non-importation 1769 Virginia’s Resolutions

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Patrick Henry’s Virginia

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  1. Patrick Henry’s Virginia Opposition and Revolution

  2. Patrick Henry

  3. Major Events 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763 1764 Sugar (Revenue) Act 1765 Stamp Act 1766 Repeal of Stamp Act, Declaratory Act 1767 Townshend Acts and Non-importation 1769 Virginia’s Resolutions 1770 Boston “Massacre”

  4. Attitudinal Changes in Virginia • Increasing resentment • treatment during war • sense of identity in opposition to England • economic issues • military • land issues.

  5. Economic Results • Cost of war is staggering • British debt doubles, seeks to pay debt by taxing colonists (enforcing existing taxes at a lower rate) • Virginia shoulders huge war debt • war disrupts trading patterns • no West Indes - no smuggling - privateering • deep recession begins, not ending until mid 1770s.

  6. Military Changes • Posting of more peacetime forces than when faced by threat of France • 7500 troops in colonies - double pre-war numbers.

  7. British troop deployments

  8. Western Lands • Increasing unease of Native Peoples • Settlers spilling in to the Ohio river valley • Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763 • Proclamation of 1763.

  9. English Legislative Actions • Revenue Act, 1764 (Sugar Act) • to raise money, LOWERS duty on foreign molasses from six to three pence a gallon • Virginians don’t really care • Currency Act, 1764 • Colonies prohibited from making their paper money legal tender… why passed? • Virginians send letters of protest.

  10. Stamp Act, 1765 • tax to raise money • placed on legal documents, customs papers, newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, broadsides, dice, and playing cards • Grenville tries to make more palatable • appoint Americans to collect • assumes colonists will dislike but eventually pay • large number of applicants for positions affirm this belief.

  11. Stamp Act, 1765 • Virginia Reaction • many House members leave after failure of “provincial loan office” bill • ⅓ of Assembly remains • Patrick Henry leads opponents to oppose Stamp Act • P.H. gives “Caesar-Brutus” speech • gets 5 resolutions passed • “By God, I would have given one hundred gineas for a single vote.” Peyton Randolph • Henry leaves and resolution #5 overturned • shows split in Virginia elite.

  12. Patrick Henry delivering his “Caesar-Brutus” speech

  13. Virginia’s Resolutions • says only governor and state legislature can tax colonists • “internal” vs. “external” taxation • those not passed argued Parliament had no authority over the colonies in any circumstance.

  14. Stamp Act, 1765 • Richard Henry Lee leads demonstration • 24 & 25 September 1765 • George Mercer burned in effigy • Westmoreland Co. informs Gov. will shut court rather than pay for stamped paper • other counties follow suit • most VA courts to close on 1 Nov (date Stamp Act goes into effect.

  15. Stamp Act, 1765 • George Mercer arrives 29 Oct with Stamps • met by crowd at Hampton • met by crowd at Williamsburg • resigns his post “I should call it a Mob, did I not know that it was chiefly, if not altogether composed of, Gentlemen of property in the Colony.” - Gov. Fauquier

  16. Stamp Act, 1765 • Local opposition to enforcement • Archibald Ritchie, merchant, to ship out with stamped approval - February • Westmoreland Co. adopts resolutions vs. Stamp Act and any that support it • 400-600 march to stop Ritchie • Norfolk - March • same organization as with Westmoreland Co. • seize ship Captain William Smith • suspected of being informer vs. a smuggler • tarred & feathered - thrown in river twice - almost drowns.

  17. Intercolonial Reaction Where Virginia leads, the south will follow, where the south goes, so do the middle states…. Location of Stamp Act Mobs & Riots, 1765-6

  18. English Legislative Actions • Stamp Act Congress, 1765 • Massachusetts legislature proposes a meeting of all the colonies • this group is called the Stamp Act Congress • passes a “Declaration of Rights and Grievances” • increases pressure for non-importation.

  19. Funeral of the Stamp Act, 1766

  20. Parliamentary Authority • Stamp Act Repeal, 1766 • splits in Parliament lead ultimately to repeal • “friends of the colonists” • repeals signals end to non-importation • colonists feel they have won • Declaratory Act, 1766 • passed on same day as Stamp Act repeal • stated that Parliament could make laws binding the American colonies "in all cases whatsoever.”

  21. Revenue • Townshend Duties, 1767 • passed to raise revenue • taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea • Colonists react with non-importation & non-exportation • Immediately ignored in VA Society of Patriotic Ladies - English Parody of Non-importation.

  22. Tea Act • Tea Act, 1773 • East India Company granted trade monopoly • without middlemen, sell at lower prices • colonists protest…. Why? • Seen as Parliament’s attempt to trick colonies into accepting its authority to tax colonies.

  23. Tea Act • Boston Tea Party, Dec 16 • “you can do nothing more to save your country” • from crowd 50 “Indians” board three ships • 90,000 lbs of tea worth £ 10,000.

  24. Tea Act • Coercive Acts, 1774 (versus Boston) • Boston Port Act • banned the loading or unloading of any ships in Boston harbor • Administration of Justice Act • protection for royal officials in Massachusetts can transfer to England all court cases against them involving riot suppression or revenue collection • Massachusetts Government Act • election of most government officials under the control of the Crown, eliminating Massachusetts charter of government.

  25. Perception of Boston after the Intolerable Acts of 1774 Bostonians paying the excise man

  26. Continental Congress • First Continental Congress 1774 • VA delegates active - President is Peyton Randolph • Passes “The Association” • non-import or export • moral code “republican virtue”

  27. Give Me Liberty or Give me Death! • Second Continental Congress, 1775 • Listen to his speech www.history.org/Almanack/people/bios/biohen.cfm#speech

  28. Summary • Virginia split internally but united against British imperial practices • VA now actively against economic dependence on England • Ordinary people drawn into conflict • local county activities • religious issues magnify internal dissentions • Slavery becomes larger concern for whites • Williamsburg slave patrols • Dunmore’s proclamation.

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