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Introduction to WWII

Introduction to WWII. Quick Facts WWII – The Most Devastating War in History. A. War Costs. US Debt 1940 - $9 billion US Debt 1945 - $98 billion The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776. B. Human Costs.

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Introduction to WWII

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  1. Introduction to WWII

  2. Quick Facts WWII – The Most Devastating War in History A. War Costs • US Debt 1940 - $9 billionUS Debt 1945 - $98 billion • The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776 B. Human Costs • 50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI) • 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians) • 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST(6 million Jews + 5 million others)

  3. When? 1939-1945 US involvement 1941-1945 1939 1941 1945 Sept. 3 -Britain & France declare war on Germany Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War May - Germans Surrender Sept. - Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)

  4. Who? Axis Allies (major powers) (major powers) Great Britain Germany Russia Italy United States Japan France (note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)

  5. Major Leaders Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Benito Mussolini Italy

  6. Major Leaders Hideki Tojo Japanese Prime Minister Winston Churchill British Prime Minister

  7. Major Leaders Joseph Stalin Russian Leader Franklin Delano Roosevelt US President

  8. Causes 1. Treaty of Versailles A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations B. War Reparations 1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S. 2) Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent) 3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilsonduring negotiations for the Treaty

  9. Causes 2. World-wide Depression • The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse. B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders. Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems. Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany’s problems (foreigners, Jews, communists, Roma (Gypsies), mentally ill, & others)

  10. Hitler Gets Busy Gestapo Created -- April, 1933 Jewish Boycott – April, 1933 Jewish Books Banned & Burned – May, 1933 27,000 People in Camps – July, 1933 60,000 People in Camps – 1938 Illegal to Leave Germany – October, 1941

  11. German Territorial Gains Austria – March, 1938 Border of Czechoslovakia – Sept., 1938 All of Czechoslovakia – March, 1939 Poland – Sept., 1939 By Summer of 1940, Germany Controlled Most of Europe German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939 World shocked as France falls to Germans

  12. Results of Alliance to Hitler • Stalin and the Soviet Union, 1939 Betrayed by 1941 • Mussolini and Italy, 1939 Off and on betrayed until Italian defeat in 1943

  13. US Assistance • Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies: Lend-Lease - 1939 US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain Atlantic Charter US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze

  14. Meanwhile … in the Pacific • Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy” What? Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Effect? US declares war on Japan & other Axis powers USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor

  15. Resources • http://www.nebo.edu/misc/learning_resources/ppt/6-12/ww2.ppt#15 • http://www.wayzata.k12.mn.us/whs/images/stories/academics/social_studies/emcintyre/Intro%20WWII%20Forum%20Lecture.ppt

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