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Scientific and technological applications of proton therapy beams

Scientific and technological applications of proton therapy beams. Daniel Errandonea. ICMUV, Fund. Gen. Univ. Valencia. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia. Scientific and technological applications. Radiation effects research programme Materials testing Environmental studies

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Scientific and technological applications of proton therapy beams

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  1. Scientific and technological applications of proton therapy beams Daniel Errandonea ICMUV, Fund. Gen. Univ. Valencia IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  2. Scientific and technological applications • Radiation effects research programme • Materials testing • Environmental studies • Geophysical studies • Biological effects of radiation • Archeometric applications • Testing detectors and components for HEP physics • Basic Research IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  3. Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects on Materials Radiation hardiness is a critical issue for materials used in long-duration space flight. Proton beams allows the developer of space materials to simulate radiation damages to structural, shielding, and electronic materials IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  4. Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects Main sources of energetic particles concerning to spacecraft designers: 1) protons and electrons trapped in the Van Allen belts,2) cosmic ray protons and heavy ions, and4) protons and heavy ions from solar flares. Proton environment in space  detrimental effect on semiconductor components & other materials used in spacecraft. The ability to simulate this environment on earth enables to take this hazard into consideration in the design stage. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  5. Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects • Radiation effects: • Total Ionization Dose (protons, electrons) • Single Event Effects (heavy ions, protons, neutrons) Single Event Effects: occur randomly at low irradiation levels, software or hardware, permanent or not Single Event Upset IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  6. Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects 200 MeV proton beam 102-103 MeV Cosmic rays interactions cause malfunctioning of electronic components in space missions and at earth Cosmic Rays • Cosmic rays arriving: • 89% protons • 10% 4He • 1% others Solar cycle variation IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  7. Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects CASSINI Mission Direct correlation between malfunctions & proton dose IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  8. Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects Solar Cells Damage IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  9. Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects GaAs Solar Cells are more resistant to radiation IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  10. Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects Irradiation time Aluminium mirrors Hubble Reflectivity damage In visible and near-IR IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  11. Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects Space radiation may cause prolonged cellular damage to astronauts High-energy radiation found in space may lead to premature aging and prolonged oxidative stress in cells. Experiments suggest that astronauts may be at increased risk of colon cancer due to exposure to found in space. Current risk estimates for radiation exposure rely exclusively on the cumulative dose a person receives in his lifetime. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  12. BNL NASA Space Radiation Laboratory beamline Scientific and technological applications Space Radiation Effects BNL scientists measured the level of free radicals present & the expression of stress response genes in the cells of mice exposed to proton radiation. They concluded that the cellular environment of the gastrointestinal tract was highly oxidative. Protons produced a spectrum of cellular damage very similar to the pattern caused by high-energy iron ions and other heavy charged particles. Proton Dangers To Astronauts Underestimated NASA is extending the research to human cells irradiated with 200 MeV proton beams. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  13. Scientific and technological applications Effects of Proton Beam Irradiation on Spirophenanthrooxazine SPO used in optical memory storage, optical switching, and displays IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  14. Scientific and technological applications Effects of Proton Beam Irradiation on Spirophenanthrooxazine Under the proton-beam irradiation, SPO decomposes into two main products. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  15. 42.3 cm Range 5.8 cm 230 MeV 800 MeV 208Pb R EL R 56Fe EL Scientific and technological applications Proton transmission radiography • When protons traverse matter: • they loose energy through collisions with atomic electrons • they change slightly direction trough nuclear elastic scattering • they “disappear” through nuclear reactions and create new nuclei Proton interactions with matter Coulomb Multiple Scattering IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  16. 42.3 cm Range 5.8 cm 230 MeV 800 MeV Proton transmission radiography Airplane Diesel engine Los Alamos National Laboratory 800MeV-p Can be applied also at 200 MeV X-Rays IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  17. Particle Induced X-ray Emission Scientific and technological applications HMI-Berlin IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  18. Scientific and technological applications Proton Induced Gamma-ray Emission IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  19. Scientific and technological applications Here is a view of the proton beam emerging into the air in the targetroom. The blue light is from the interaction of the proton beamwith the atoms and molecules in the air. This allows to examinematerialswhich could not beexplored in vacuum, aswould be required with someother ion beam analysistechniques. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  20. Scientific and technological applications Proton Induced Gamma-ray Emission Concentrations of low-Z elements (Li, Be, B, F, Na, Mg and Al). The degree of fluorine enrichment in Antarcticmeteorites provides a quantitative measure forterrestrialcontamination IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  21. Scientific and technological applications Proton Induced Gamma-ray Emission In addition to its high sensitivity, PIGE has the ability to determine simultaneously a number of low Z elements in health related environmental samples. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  22. Scientific and technological applications Proton Induced Gamma-ray Emission Percentage of Ca and P in teeth from children with and without cystic fibrosis. Different variables: gender, age, type of teeth, fluoridation of water supply, term of pregnancy, maternal smoking & drinking habits. Proton-induced gamma emission on tooth-crown samples. Less Ca in the teeth of the population of cystic fibrosis + nontetracycline antibiotics than in that of noncystic fibrosis for the total tooth population. Both Ca and P in teeth of NCF population living in fluoridated areas > than in those living in nonfluoridated area. Ca is depleted in the teeth of CF + NT children whose mothers smoke and P is depleted in the teeth of NCF children whose mothers drink. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  23. Scientific and technological applications Proton Induced Gamma-ray Emission Carbon can be determined in steel from 4439 keV g-rays resultedfrom the reaction 12C (p, p’g) 12C The excellent peak to backgroundratio and the small number of peaks in the 3-4 MeVenergy range lead to a good sensitivity. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  24. Scientific and technological applications Earth and Planetary Sciences Zircon – ZrSiO4 A very abundant mineral in rocks and meteorites A conventional thermometer and barometer It is very stable, but structural changes are induced by P-T Why don’t the effects of proton radiation on early ages of earth or during meteorite travel. Commonly used for nuclear waste storage. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  25. Scientific and technological applications Earth and Planetary Sciences Zircon – ZrSiO4 The combination of pressure and proton beams triggers drastic structural changes not caused by applied pressure or protons alone. The modifications comprise decomposition into nanocrystals and nucleation of the HP phase reidite. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  26. Scientific and technological applications Test the overall performance of detectors and detector components Mineral oil used as a neutrino detector medium at MiniBooNE neutrino experiment at Fermilab (800 tonnes) tested at the proton beam of the The Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (200 Mev). Charged particles in the mineral oil predominantly produce Cerenkov light. However, a small amount of scintillation light is also produced. A small prototype of a liquid scintillation imaging detector was illuminated with protons below the threshold for Cerenkov light production (Tth = 341 MeV). Scintillation light from the oil was characterized IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

  27. Facilities worldwide PSI Zurich

  28. IUCF Bloomington Facilities worldwide

  29. Facilities worldwide TRUMF Vancouver

  30. Scientific and technological applications Conclusions: A proton beam as a tool to analyze materials. Applications are probably only limited by our imagination. Several examples presented. From space radiation effects in semiconductors to environmental studies. Interdisciplinary research efforts can be built, with space research, archaeology, anthropology, geo-sciences, materials science, medicine, etc… An applied proton beam could also provide analysis services to outside entities and be also a teaching tool. IFIMED’09 Symposium, 10-11 June 2009, Valencia

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