* 806-811

1. * 806-811 Categorize ways in which America changed at home during the 1980s and 1990s using “Concept Attainment” as a strategy.

2. Chito Martinez • Pirates • Jeff Bronkey • Jim Edmunds • Joe Torre • Giants • Cubs • Gene Kingsdale • Travis Lee

4. Changes in America, 1980-1990s

5. Place these terms, issues, and events in the appropriate category, write down a few details about it and be prepared to explain your category choice. • Kevin Phillips • “New Ellis Island” • Platform Economy • Immigration Act (1986) • The “Graying” of America • Defense Boom • Juan Fernandez • Miami • Pat Robertson • Swann Case (1971) • Zip code 11373 • Rainbow Coalition • Zoning

6. Changes in America, 1980-1990s Kevin Phillips: Wrote a book “The Emerging Republican Majority” (1969) pointed out that since WWII, people and economic activities have moved to the south and west creating the “Sunbelt”. - conservative voting habits - anchored by FL, TX, CA - corporations like the pro-business environment of: - weak labor laws - low taxes - lower costs of living

7. The Sunbelt

8. Place these terms, issues, and events in the appropriate category, write down a few details about it and be prepared to explain your category choice. • Kevin Phillips • “New Ellis Island” • Platform Economy • Immigration Act (1986) • The “Graying” of America • Defense Boom • Juan Fernandez • Miami • Pat Robertson • Swann Case (1971) • Zip code 11373 • Rainbow Coalition • Zoning

9. Changes in America, 1980-1990s • The Defense Boom • Vietnam and the military build-up of the Carter and Reagan years fueled the growth of the sunbelt. • Sunbelt attracted over 75% of military payrolls! • Southern CA attracted over 500,000 aircraft jobs. • Colorado Springs is the site of Fort Carson and the new Air Force Academy. • North American Air Defense Command Post at Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado. • Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana – Launch site of the Minuteman missiles. (Also at Vandenberg AFB, CA) • Nearly 1/3 of all engineers worked on military projects. • MIT, Michigan, CalTech, Stanford were defense contractors. • Silicon Valley and NASA grew in the region.

10. Changes in America, 1980-1990s • Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 • allowed over 2 million illegal immigrants to legalize their presence in the United States. • Immigration changed the ethnic “mix” of the US by accounting for 30% of our nation’s population in 2000. • Asians and Hispanics were the fastest growing groups. • Mexicans made up the single largest minority group. • East Coast experienced heavy immigration from the West Indies and Central America. • Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans and other Asians emigrated eastward to the US in large numbers by 1990. • Problems and Possibilities? • non-union workers vs. increased pool of talent/ambition. • Juan Fernandez example

11. Changes in America, 1980-1990s • Cities • New York • 28% of residents were foreign born by 1990 • ZIP code 11373 • Southern/Western cites were gateways for immigration from Latin America and Asia • Los Angeles – “The New Ellis Island” • 1960 population was 1% Asian; 11% Hispanic • 2000 population had grown to 12% Asian; 45% Hispanic • Miami - grew to be the economic capital of the Caribbean • Cross border communities of El Paso/Juarez and San Diego/Tijuana grew, supported by “platform economy”. • Retirees and the “Graying of America” increased the population of all cities in the sun-belt.

12. Changes in America, 1980-1990s • Values in Collision • Republican candidate Pat Robertson pushed for more conservative attitudes in social and family issues, using his Christian 700 Club program to mobilize Christians. • Democratic candidate Jesse Jackson pushed for more liberal social and economic policy, forming the “Rainbow Coalition” to mobilize his force. • Social Ills • Robertson pointed to individuals while Jackson pointed to racism and economic inequality. • Supreme Court Case “Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg” (1971) The court ruled that busing was an acceptable solution to end “de facto” segregation (by custom). • Zoning restrictions in suburbs required minimum lot sizes.

13. Changes in America, 1980-1990s • Write as many generalizations/conclusions as you can about how the United States changed during the 1980s and 90s based on the information discussed today. • The American economy has become more global. • The U.S. has become more ethnically diverse. • The economy of the U.S. has stronger ties with Mexico. • American values between conservative and liberal ideas • developed into separate political movements during the 1990s. • Population in the U.S. has shifted towards the Southwestern • states, particularly into the Sunbelt. • Steady increases in immigration to the U.S. has created a • concern about the economic impact this may have in the • future. • American defense spending during the 1980s and 90s drove • the U.S. economy which experienced a “defense boom” as • more companies produced weapons for the U.S. military.