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Issues in Tunnel Convergence Solutions

This paper by Thomas C. Schmidt discusses two fundamental tunneling issues: convergence and multiple tunnels ending at a Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) that transport duplicate traffic, leading to high replication loads. It proposes solutions to enhance service availability, extend multicast access, optimize routing, and reduce costs while remaining aligned with PMIP evolution. Use cases highlight the need for seamless user access to home subscriptions and local content while moving across networks. Various current solutions are evaluated, including direct routing and the M-Head/M-LMA proposal, addressing significant challenges in multicast routing at MAGs.

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Issues in Tunnel Convergence Solutions

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  1. Issues in Tunnel Convergence Solutions Thomas C. Schmidt t.schmidt@ieee.org HAW Hamburg

  2. Two Types of Tunnelling Problems • Convergence • Multiple tunnels terminate at MAG, possibly transporting duplicate traffic • Inherent to the PMIP base solution • Avalanche • Tunnel head serves many MAGs causing a high replication load of identical traffic • Inherent to the M-Head (M-LMA) proposal

  3. Further Objectives • Enhance Service Availability • Extend access to multicast channels • Reduce Service Cost • Optimize access / routing to reduce network load • Remain transparent with respect to PMIP evolution • In particular: Cross-domain access

  4. Use Cases • Case 1: • User wants to have access to home subscription channels while moving to a visited network • Case 2: • User may want (to pay extra fees) to access local content depending on location (e.g., pay-TV in hotel) • Case 3: • If content can be accessed from more than one location, MAG could select the best path based on routing cost

  5. Current Solutions / Proposals • Base Solution: • Covers use case 1, tunnel convergence problem • Direct Routing: • Covers use case 2, optimized – but requires local mcast routing • M-Head/M-LMA: • Covers use case 1, avalanche problem • All-PIM Domain: • Unclear: depends on non-PMIP unicast routing at MAGs, most likely equivalent to direct routing

  6. Path to Solution & Problems Objective from Use Cases: Combine base solution (home subscription) with local service access Problems to solve: • Multicast routing intelligence at MAGs • How to access which group? • Make handover smooth & policy-compliant • Handle mixed access seamless without access violations

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