2005 Joint Services Environmental Management Conference

1. 2005 Joint Services Environmental Management Conference Using MIL-STD-882D:Approach for Identification and Elimination of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of Risks Associated with Environmental Hazards S.G. Forbes, SAF/AQRE Paige V. Ripani, Booz Allen Hamilton Karen Gill, Booz Allen Hamilton

2. Overview • DoD System Safety in Systems Engineering (SSSE) Policies & Guidance • MIL-STD-882D for Identification and Elimination of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of Environmental Risks • Environmental Management (EM) and MIL-STD-882D Similarities

3. DoD SSSE Policies & Guidance • Basic Policy: • Integrate environment, safety, and occupational health (ESOH) considerations into the Systems Engineering process • Use MIL-STD-882D, Standard Practice for System Safety, to accomplish this • Rationale: • Influence daily design trade study decision making • Identify and eliminate ESOH hazards or reduce the risks as early as possible in the design/development process • Approach ESOH from perspective of Acquisition programs -- risk management versus compliance

4. DoD SSSE Policies & Guidance • Policy Documents: • 12 May 03 DoD Instruction 5000.2, "Operation of the Defense Acquisition System" • 23 Sep 04 USD (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics) policy memo to the Service Secretaries, "Defense Acquisition System Safety" • Revision to DoDI 5000.2 incorporating 23 Sep 04 memo • Guidance Documents: • Oct 04 DoD Acquisition Guidebook • Apr 05 Defense Acquisition University (DAU) Course, System Safety in Systems Engineering

5. DoD SSSE Policies & Guidance • Key Guidance: • Eliminate ESOH hazards or mitigate hazards to reduce ESOH risks -- the EM Pollution Prevention approach • Manage ESOH, mission, or programmatic risks associated with • Routine Operation & Maintenance of the system • System failures • ESOH compliance requirements • Accept risks at designated management authorities • Provide supplemental HAZMAT information • Link MIL-STD-882D ESOH risk management and NEPA/EO 12114 analyses

6. Overview • DoD System Safety in Systems Engineering (SSSE) Policies & Guidance • MIL-STD-882D for Identification and Elimination of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of Environmental Risks • Environmental Management (EM) and MIL-STD-882D Similarities

7. MIL-STD-882D • Foreword: “This standard practice addresses an approach...useful in the management of environmental, safety, and health mishap risks….” • Definitions: “Hazard. Any real or potential condition that can cause injury, illness, or death to personnel; damage to or loss of a system, equipment or property; or damage to the environment.”

8. MIL-STD-882D • Section A.4.1.1: “System safety in environmental and health hazard management. While environmental and health hazard management are normally associated with the application of statutory direction and requirements, the management of mishap risk associated with actual environmental and health hazards is directly addressed by the system safety approach. Therefore, environmental and health hazards can be analyzed and managed with the same tools as any other hazard.”

9. MIL-STD-882D • Eight mandatory steps: • Document the System Safety approach • Identify ESOH hazards • Assess risks associated with ESOH hazards • Identify risk mitigation measures • Reduce risk to an acceptable level • Verify risk reduction • Accept residual risk by appropriate authority • Track hazards throughout life cycle • Step 1 reoccurs as necessary • Steps 2 - 8 occur repeatedly throughout life cycle

10. MIL-STD-882D • MIL-STD-882D Step 3 -- Assessing risk • Assess severity of the consequences that might be caused by a specific hazard • Assign a severity category based on MIL-STD-882D • Determine the likelihood (probability) of the hazard resulting in the consequences • Assign a probability level based on MIL-STD-882D • Assign a risk value using the MIL-STD-882D Risk Assessment Matrix • Assign a risk category based on the risk value • Identify risk acceptance authority based on the risk category

11. MIL-STD-882D & DoDI 5000.2 Risk Assessment and Risk Acceptance MIL-STD-882D & DoDI 5000.2, E7 HIGH(CAE) SERIOUS (PEO) MEDIUM (PM) LOW (PM)

12. MIL-STD-882D Hazard Severity Categories

13. MIL-STD-882D Hazard Probability Levels

14. MIL-STD-882D SAMPLE HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET IR – Initial Risk FR – Final Risk IRV – Initial Risk Value FRV – Final Risk Value IRC – Initial Risk CategoryFRV – Final Risk Category

15. 13 16 11 Procedures & Warnings 14 Design Changes 12 17 Hazard Eliminated High Risk Serious Risk Medium Risk Low Risk Initial Risk Residual Risk MIL-STD-882D PROBABILITY LEVEL SEVERITY CATEGORY I CATASTROPHIC II CRITICAL III MARGINAL IV NEGLIGIBLE 7 3 (A) Frequent 1 2 5 9 (B) Probable (C) Occasional 4 6 18 8 10 19 (D) Remote 20 (E) Improbable 15

16. Overview • DoD System Safety in Systems Engineering (SSSE) Policies & Guidance • MIL-STD-882D for Identification and Elimination of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of Environmental Risks • Environmental Management (EM) andMIL-STD-882D Similarities

17. EM & MIL-STD-882D Similarities • Environmental risk management outside Acquisition Systems Engineering process • Clean Air Act requires Risk Management Plans for extremely toxic materials • Restoration site risk assessments set cleanup limits • US EPA uses risk assessments in setting standards • National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) employs risk management methodology that parallels MIL-STD-882D

18. Parallel MIL-STD-882D Steps 2. Identify potential environmental hazards 3. Assess hazard severity and probability (risk) 4. Recommend possible mitigation measures 5. Decide whether to implement mitigation measures 7. Formally accept residual risk at appropriate level 8. Track hazards throughout life cycle NEPA Analysis Identify potential environmental impacts Assess significance of potential impacts Identify means to mitigate and/or monitor impacts Decide whether to implement mitigation measures Formally document the decision Implement mitigation and/or monitoring decisions EM & MIL-STD-882D Similarities

19. Summary • DoD System Safety in Systems Engineering (SSSE) Policies & Guidance • MIL-STD-882D for Identification and Elimination of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of Environmental Risks • Environmental Management (EM) andMIL-STD-882D Similarities

20. BACK UP CHARTS

21. MIL-STD-882D • Mishap severity • Catastrophic = Could result in death, permanent total disability, loss exceeding $1M, or irreversible severe environmental damage that violates law or regulation. • Critical = Could result in permanent partial disability, injuries or occupational illness that may result in hospitalization of at least three personnel, loss exceeding $200K but less than $1M, or reversible environmental damage causing a violation of law or regulation.

22. MIL-STD-882D • Mishap severity cont’d • Marginal = Could result in injury or occupational illness resulting in one or more lost work days(s), loss exceeding $10K but less than $200K, or mitigatible environmental damage without violation of law or regulation where restoration activities can be accomplished • Negligible = Could result in injury or illness not resulting in a lost work day, loss exceeding $2K but less than $10K, or minimal environmental damage not violating law or regulation.