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University of Rochester July 28, 2005 steven.manly@rochester

Much ado about nothing: the Rochester Scholar guide to the universe. University of Rochester July 28, 2005 steven.manly@rochester.edu http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~manly/main/manlyhome.htm. The intimate relationship between the very big and the very small. Inquiring minds want to know.

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University of Rochester July 28, 2005 steven.manly@rochester

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  1. Much ado about nothing:the Rochester Scholar guide to the universe University of Rochester July 28, 2005 steven.manly@rochester.edu http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~manly/main/manlyhome.htm The intimate relationship between the very big and the very small

  2. Inquiring minds want to know ... Yo! What holds it together?

  3. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (near Chicago)

  4. CDF Minos

  5. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

  6. Event display from the SLD experiment at SLAC

  7. What forces exist in nature? What is a force? How do they interact? How do forces change with energy or temperature? How has the universe evolved?

  8. Mini-Ph.D. – Quantum Mechanics 101 Lesson 1: Size actually does matter.

  9. Determine the postion and velocity of a car … no problem

  10. Determine the postion and velocity of a small particle … no problem

  11. Problem! Heisenberg uncertainty principle Cannot have perfect knowledge of both the position and velocity Heisenberg

  12. e- Dear Steve, Party relatively hard! -Al The fundamental nature of forces: virtual particles Et  h Heisenberg E = mc2 Einstein

  13. e+e- e+e- qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq qq e+e- The Vacuum e+e- e+e- e+e- e+e- e+e- -R. Kolb Much ado about NOTHING: Nothing is something Nothing has energy Nothing interacts with something e+e- e+e- e+e- e+e- e+e- e+e- e+e-

  14. qq qq qqq qqq qqq qqq The essence of mass at the quantum level (quantum field theory)

  15. On to the very big … Telescopes are time machines 1 Mpc= 1 Megaparsec = 3x1022 m 1 light year = 9x1015 m Light travels from NYC to San Francisco in 1/100 second …. and it travels 1 Mpc in 3 million years

  16. Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) discovers a surprise in 1929 Galaxies that are further away appear redder Doppler shift -From webphysics.davidson.edu

  17. Light travels from NYC to San Francisco in 1/100 second …. and it travels 1 Mpc in 3 million years Welcome to the “expanding universe”!! extrapolate back in time find the age of the universe  13 billion years. Type Ia SNe from Riess, Press and Kirshner (1996)

  18. -MSSL astrophysics group

  19. Cosmic Microwave Background Penzias and Wilson - 1964 Uniform and isotropic – in as far as they could measure

  20. BANG! TIME

  21. Very hot, dense primordial soup of fundamental particles

  22. At 0.000001 second after bang, protons and neutrons form

  23. At 3 minutes, light nuclei form

  24. At ~300,000 years, t = 3000 degrees, atoms form and light streams freely

  25. t=~13 billion years, Janet Jackson has wardrobe malfunction

  26. Modern accelerators study processes at energies that existed VERY early in the universe Another form of time travel ! What were forces like at those temperatures? What types of particles existed?

  27. Many, many missing pieces … How can the universe be so isotropic? How did the structure (galaxies, clusters of galaxies) arise?? Do we know about all of the fundamental particles that exist? Why 3 families? Why is the mass spectrum of fundamental particles as it is? Why is the universe matter instead of antimatter? Recent progress! But new puzzles… -R. Kolb

  28. We seem to be missing most of the mass in the universe! -P. Cushman

  29. Very exciting development in last decade Observed fluctuations in the CMB temp WMap data on the temperature fluctuations in the CMB why structure matters

  30. Einstein’s field equations: the modern laws of Genesis -R. Kolb

  31. One possible future of the universe End of universe Cubs win World Series Hell freezes over Sun burns out Today time Million- billion years 12 billion years 17 billion years 100 billion years 1000 billion years -R. Kolb

  32. “Power spectrum” (size) of temperature fluctuations sensitive to different matter/energy components of the universe

  33. WMAP composition of the universe W = WM+ WL =WB+ WDM+ WL -P. Cushman

  34. 1/20 Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

  35. Thanks to: Priscilla Cushman, CDMS, G-2, Univ. of Minnesota Rocky Kolb, Fermilab and University of Chicago Stanford Linear Accelerator Center CERN, European Center for Particle Physics Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Brookhaven National Laboratory Davidson University webphysics project WMAP project Hubble Space Telescope project Ned Wright, UCLA MSSL astrophysics group Newton, Einstein, Heisenberg, Plank, etc. And whoever else I forgot to mention … 

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