I. Rising Conflict in Europe

1. Objective 10.01: Elaborate on the causes of World War II and reasons for United States entry into the war. I. Rising Conflict in Europe

2. A. Cause of War: Bad Economy, New Leaders • The Great Depression created bad financial times worldwide. • People blamed the government, so people wanted to overthrow it or see new changes happen. • Because people were so angry, they began to elect totalitarian governments and fascist leadersinto power because they promised to change things. • Totalitarian:personal freedoms are restricted and political opposition to those in power is prohibited. • Fascism: the state is more important that the individual; a dictator maintains control of the government and the economy, and suppresses all opposition.

3. B. Japan and Italy • Japan: Elected Emperor Hirohito in 1926. • Italy: Elected Benito Mussolini in 1922. • Both put in ____________ government. • Both invaded other countries to improve their own economy. • What did they take?

4. C. Cause of War: Treaty of Versailles • Treaty of Versailles put Germany in SEVERE economic trouble. • Reparations were too expensive. • Germany didn’t have land to make any money. • Strategy: print more money to pay costs. Result: hyperinflation- money becomes practically worthless. • 1 U.S. dollar = 4.2 trillion German dollars • Bread costs 3 billion German dollars.

5. Hyperinflation

6. Cause of War: Treaty of Versailles • Germans blamed government for signing the treaty, want new government. • Adolf Hitler – led Nazi Party, the elected legislature declared him dictator of Germany in 1933. • Nazi beliefs/strategies: • Embraced fascism and racism: • Blamed Jews for awful financial troubles – wanted to “exterminate” them. • Wanted to get more land and build enormous military to gain power.

8. D. Soviet Union • Original Bolshevik leader (Lenin) expands empire, calls it the Soviet Union (USSR). • Dies, Joseph Stalin replaces him. • Extends communism by getting rid of “private property” and building government-owned industries.

9. Objective 10.01 II. Peace Attempts in Europe

10. A. Peace Agreements • Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) - created and signed by 64 countries to prevent another war from happening. • Supported by U.S. isolationists. • No penalties if you didn’t follow it. • How do you think countries responded as a result?

11. B. Cause of War: German Aggression/Violation of Treaties • No one enforced the pact or the Treaty of Versailles, so Hitler to invade more territory in Europe. • Why wasn’t the Treaty enforced? • Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (March 1939): Germany and Soviet Union agreed to not fight with each other. • Hitler’s focus was on getting European territory.

12. Guided Practice • Imagine you are an American spy living in one of these countries that are changing governments. Write a telegram back to the U.S. government that explains what is going on and what you think will happen – do NOT explicitly say the name of the country in your description. • Your telegram should be 2-3 sentences.

13. C. World War II Begins • France and Great Britain said they would not tolerate Germany invading Poland. • September 1st, 1939- Germany “blitzkriegs” Poland, takes over the country. • Blitzkrieg – surprise attack with major troop invasion and airplane bombings. • World War II begins as a result. • Allies: France, Great Britain and Soviet Union (for later on). • Axis Powers: Japan, Italy and Germany

14. Objective 10.01 III. U.S. Entry into WWII

15. A. Neutrality before WWII • U.S. tries to remain isolated from European conflict. • Neutrality Act – passed 3 times in the 1930s. Banned weapon sales or loans to countries at war • Quarantine Speech – FDR declared a “quarantine” of aggressive nations – hoped not trading with these countries would make them stop.

16. B. Changing Conditions: Four Freedoms • Four Freedoms video • Answer these questions while watching the video: • According to Roosevelt, what are the four freedoms all humans should have? • How might these freedoms be in conflict with some other countries? Which ones do you think might not agree?

17. C. U.S. Supports the Allies • Lend-Lease Act (1941) – Germany takes over France and attacks England, and FDR doesn’t want the U.S. to the be last democracy. • Policy: will loan or lease weapons to any nation “vital to the defense of the United States.” • Includes Allies and the Soviet Union after Germany breaks the non-aggression pact. • Atlantic Charter (August 1941) –agreement between the British and U.S. for post-war plan if Allies won. • First agreement between Winston Churchill and FDR.

18. Pearl Harbor Video 1) What was the goal/wishes of the Japanese government? 2) Why did the U.S. feel safe leaving most of its naval fleet in one place (Pearl Harbor)? 3) Why was Pearl Harbor such a devastating attack? 4) About how many Americans were killed and injured? 5) How did the attack impact the United States? 6) Why do you think Pearl Harbor is “a date which will live in infamy?”

19. D. Pearl Harbor • Japan and U.S. are upset with each other: • US: didn’t like Japanese invasion of China • Japan: angry that the U.S. was giving China supplies under the Lend-Lease Act. • Why couldn’t Japan receive supplies from this? • 1941- U.S. and Japan begin peace talks, but Japan secretly plans an attack on the U.S.

20. D. Pearl Harbor • December 7th, 1941 – Japanese launch surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii. • U.S. had heard radio reports, but thought they were going to attack a U.S. base in the Philippines. • Aerial attack – Japanese planes dropped torpedoes on the base. • Killed over 2000 men and destroyed several planes and ships.

22. Pearl Harbor • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxADwJ-3xRo • December 7th, 1941 – A Date which will live in Infamy • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i74QAJbdoik&list=TLRiiNphs_LVawZOvnU8j8Ppp7pUys4Wro • America the Story of US • Pearl Harbor (1:46 – 8:53 )

23. E. Declaration of War • Next day: Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war: • “Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 – a date which will live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by the naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan…No matter how long it will take us…the American people in their righteous anger will win through to absolute victory”. • Congress almost unanimously declared war, so the U.S. was officially in WWII.

24. Independent Practice • Complete an annotated timeline that explains how World War II began and how the U.S. got involved. - 4+ Events - Write a 1-2 sentence description for each event - include 1+ picture Due Today

25. Exit Ticket • How did the United States respond to the rise of militarists and dictators in Japan, Germany and Italy before 1937? • It offered economic aid to the militarists and dictators. • It built up its military forces and offered arms to threatened nations. • It joined the League of Nations to prevent these leaders from getting too strong. • It tried to remain isolated from European conflicts.

26. Exit Ticket 2) Which of the following accurately explains the situation when Japan launched its attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941? • The U.S. and Japan were sharing control of naval bases in Hawaii. • The U.S. and Japan were involved in peace talks concerning conflicts in Asia. • The U.S. and Japan had already engaged in several large naval battles in the Pacific. • The U.S. and Japan had not been in diplomatic contact for several years.

27. Exit Ticket 3) Why did the United States ultimately join World War II? Explain two different factors/reasons.