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Understanding Ability: Active and Reactive Power in Electrical Systems

Ability in electrical terms refers to the rate at which energy is transformed into mechanical or light energy. Active power (kW) performs the work needed in systems like motors and transformers, while reactive power (kVAR) sustains the magnetic fields necessary for their operation. Power factor measures efficiency, comparing active power to total power. A higher power factor indicates effective electrical utilization. By optimizing power factor, such as through capacitor installation, significant reductions in transformer capacity and improvements in efficiency can be achieved.

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Understanding Ability: Active and Reactive Power in Electrical Systems

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Presentation Transcript

  1. What does ability mean? • Ability is the rate of time for the transformation of energy into mechanical energy or light energy

  2. ACTIVE & REACTIVE POWERS • Most plant loads are Inductive and require a magnetic field to operate: • Motors • Transformers • Florescent lighting • The magnetic field is necessary. • The utility must supply the power to produce the magnetic field and the power to produce the useful work. • These two types of current are the ACTIVEand REACTIVE components

  3. Power Factor Fundamentals

  4. Power Factor Fundamental • Definitions: • Working /Active Power: Normally measured in kilowatts (kW). It does the "work" for the system--providing the motion, torque, heat, or whatever else is required. • Reactive Power: Normally measured in kilovolt-amperes-reactive (kVAR), doesn't do useful "work." It simply sustains the electromagnetic field. • Apparent Power: Normally measured in kilovolt-amperes (kVA).Working Power and Reactive Power together make up apparent power.

  5. Active Power (kW)  Total Power (kVA) Power Factor Fundamental • Power Factor: A measure of efficiency. The ratio of Active Power (output) to Total Power (input) • A power factor reading close to 1.0 means that electrical power is being utilized effectively, while a low power factor indicates poor utilization of electrical power. Power Factor =Active (Real) Power Total Power = kWkVA= Cosine (θ) = DISPLACEMENT POWER FACTOR ReactivePower (KVAR)

  6. Before After Why do we install Capacitors? • In this example, demand was reduced to 8250 kVA from 10000 kVA. • 1750KVA Transformer Capacity Release. • The power factor was improved from 80% to 97%

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