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Class Mammalia

Class Mammalia. Ch.22. Skin is thick and protective and has an insulating covering of hair Adaptations of teeth which are specialized and the digestive tract allows for a variety of food resources

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Class Mammalia

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  1. Class Mammalia Ch.22

  2. Skin is thick and protective and has an insulating covering of hair • Adaptations of teeth which are specialized and the digestive tract allows for a variety of food resources • Efficient circulatory and gas exchange systems support endothermy (having a body temp determined by heat derived from the animal’s own metabolism) • Brain has an expanded cerebral cortex that processes information from various sensory structures. • Specialized kidneys allow for excretion of wastes without excessive water loss. • Complex behavioral patterns enhance mammalian survival. • Most mammals are viviparous and have reproductive cycles that help ensure internal fertilization and successful development • Have mammary glands-produce milk for young General Mammal Characteristics

  3. Order Primates: Lemurs, Monkeys, Apes, Humans • Order Rodentia: Squirrels, rats, beavers, porcupines • Order Cetacea: Whales, dolphins, porpoises • Order Carnivora: Dogs, cats, raccoons, sea lions, otters • Order Proboscidea: African & Indian elephants • Order Perissodactyla: Horses, rhinoceroses, zebras • Order Artiodactyla: Pigs, camels, deer, sheep, giraffes, cattle Some Orders in Class Mammalia

  4. Skin: • Consists of epidermal and dermal layers • Protects from injury, invasion of microorganisms, and sun’s uv light • Important in temperature regulation, sensory perception, excretion, and water regulation • Hair: • Uniquely mammalian • A coat of hair, called pelage, usually consists of two kinds of hair-long guard hairs & shorter, insulating underhairs. • Because hair is composed largely of dead cells, it must be periodically molted External Structure

  5. Hearts: four chambered that keep blood in the systematic and pulmonary circuits separate. • One important adaptation for mammals concerns the circulatory system distributing gases and nutrients to a fetus across the placenta • High metabolic rates require efficient gas exchange…most mammals have separate nasal and oral cavities and longer snouts, which provide for increased surface area for warming and moistening inspired air. • Mammalian lungs inflate using a negative pressure mechanism and mammals also possess a diaphragm that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. • Inspiration (breathing in) results from contraction of the diaphragm and expansion of the rib cage, both of which allow air to enter the lungs. Circulation & Gas Exchange

  6. Mammals have complex behaviors that enhance survival: • Visual cues • Ex: Bristled fur, arched back, and open mouth of cat communicate a clear message to predators • Pheromones • Ex: Young of mammals recognize parents and parents recognize young by smell. Also, some mammals urinate to mark territories, and of course, skunks use chemicals to ward off predators • Auditory • Ex: Herd animals stay together and remain calm as long as familiar sounds (hooves walking over dry grasses and twigs, stomachs rumbling) are uninterrupted. • Vocalizations • Ex: Humans talking in social interactions Behavior

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