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KEY STORY: PERFORMANCE

Explore the performance fundamentals of Toyota truck engines, focusing on key components like the engine, transmission, and differential. Understand the critical differences between horsepower and torque, which play vital roles in towing, acceleration, and climbing capabilities. Learn how torque delivers initial force while horsepower maintains speed. Discover the importance of transmission types—manual and automatic—along with features like the lockup torque converter that enhance fuel efficiency. Gain insights into frame design for stability and suspension systems ensuring a comfortable ride.

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KEY STORY: PERFORMANCE

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  1. KEY STORY:PERFORMANCE

  2. KEY STORY: PERFORMANCE

  3. ENGINE OVERVIEW

  4. CLASSROOM QUESTION • Power—what is it good for?

  5. POWERTRAIN COMPONENTS • Engine • Transmission • Differential

  6. HORSEPOWER VS. TORQUE • Towing, acceleration and climbing hills interest truck customers • Related, but not the same

  7. TORQUE VS. HORSEPOWER • Torque is what gets the load moving • Horsepower is what keeps it moving

  8. HORSEPOWER • Horsepower is the measurement of the ability to do work over time • Horsepower is the measure of engine performance that relates to maintaining and maximizing vehicle speed • One horsepower = moving 330 pounds 100 feet in 1 minute horseAnim_01.swf

  9. TORQUE • Measurement of force by a twisting motion • Twisting force at the crankshaft measured in pound-feet (lb.-ft.) • Gets the vehicle up to speed torqueAnim_01.swf

  10. TORQUE CURVE • Broad, flat torque curve is important • Torque is important to start a load moving • Going uphill from a stop requires torque at low rpm • Climbing hills requires torque at mid-range rpm Torque HP

  11.  PLAY HowanengineworksPART1.wmv

  12. TOYOTA TRUCK ENGINES

  13. TOYOTA TRUCK ENGINES

  14. TOYOTA TRUCK ENGINES

  15. TOYOTA TRUCK ENGINES

  16. TOYOTA TRUCK ENGINES

  17. TRANSMISSION OVERVIEW

  18. TRANSMISSION PURPOSE • Deliver engine’s power to drive wheels • Gears determine speed relative to rpm • A low gear multiplies torque by a larger driven gear • A high gear allows the engine to power the vehicle at a lower engine speed

  19. TRANSMISSION GEAR RATIOS • Refers to engine input shaft turns relative to the transmission output shaft • 3:1 means the engine turns three times for each revolution of the driveshaft • Overdrive is when the engine turns at a lower rpm than the driveshaft

  20. TRANSMISSION BASICS • Purpose: To enable a vehicle to operate at a wide range of speeds and loads • Trucks need transmissions so the same engine can both tow a heavy trailer at 30 mph or breeze along the freeway at 70 mph

  21. MANUAL TRANSMISSION • Requires driver operation of the clutch • Lower initial cost and potentially better fuel economy • Potentially higher maintenance • Not the best for towing

  22. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION • Torque converter connects the engine and transmission • No direct mechanical connection, uses fluid coupling • Requires less driver operation

  23. TORQUE CONVERTER • Engine power spins fluid • Spinning fluid imparts its energy to the turbine connected to the transmission • With a torque converter, oil is the working fluid instead of air • Inefficient and subject to heat, friction and hydraulic pumping losses

  24. LOCKUP TORQUE CONVERTER • Selectively locks the drive components resulting in better fuel efficiency • Most automatics lock up in overdrive and at highway speeds

  25. FLEXIBLE LOCKUP TORQUE CONVERTER • Enables the transmission torque converter to lock in any gear • Best of both worlds • Efficiency of a manual • Smoothness and torque multiplication of an automatic

  26. TOYOTA TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS AND FEATURES

  27. TOYOTA TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS

  28. TOYOTA TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS

  29. TOYOTA TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS

  30. TOYOTA TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS

  31. TOYOTA TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS

  32. 6-SPEED AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION • Paired with Tundra’s V8 engines • Sequential Shift mode, fluid warmer, auxiliary cooler and fluid temperature gauge • Covers wider span of ratios than competitors with their optional rear axle ratios factored in

  33. FRAME OVERVIEW

  34. HOLD, SUPPORT, MOVE AND STOP

  35. HOLD, SUPPORT, MOVE AND STOP

  36. LADDER FRAME • Ladder frame shaped like a ladder • Distributes load over a wide area • Cross members add strength and stability N2T-BS-002

  37. CAB SECTION DESIGN • Easy ingress and egress • Maximizing ground clearance • Lowers center of gravity Photos-saatchi-frame US-TU07-23-A

  38. TRIPLETECH™ FRAMES • Fully boxed (front) • Reinforced rolled C-channel (center) • Open C-channel (rear) 04EOBO03C-2

  39. FULLY BOXED FRAME SECTION • Front section of Tacoma and Tundra • Where rigidity is important • Improves handling, steering and ride comfort • Enhances safety in certain frontal collisions US-TU07-18-A_bw_crop_C

  40. ROLLED C-CHANNEL • Under the cab section • Stronger without adding weight excess • Torsionally rigid and lightweight design • Capable for off-road • Provides smooth and quiet ride US-TU07-18-A_bw_crop_L

  41. OPEN C-CHANNEL • Rear section of Tacoma and Tundra • Absorbs vibration to keep it from the cab US-TU07-18-A_bw_crop_R

  42. SUSPENSION OVERVIEW

  43. STRONG AND SUPPLE • Strong enough to carry loads • Supple to provide a comfortable ride 04ECH35Z_REV

  44. FRONT SUSPENSION • Double-Wishbone • Provides long suspension travel • Upper arms are mounted high 04ECH35Z_REV

  45. FRONT SUSPENSION • Coil-Over-Shock Design • More engine compartment room • Nitrogen gas shock absorbers • Improved ride and handling 04ECH35Z_REV

  46. REAR SUSPENSION • Leaf Springs • Bands of steel (multi-leaf) • Rugged components with flexibility • Provide payload capacity • Keep rear axle in place

  47. REAR SUSPENSION • Rear Shocks • Staggered to prevent axle hop • Outboard-mounted • Enhanced ride • Protection from off-road damage STAGGERED SHOCK RIGHT REV2 STAGGERED SHOCK LEFT REV2

  48. TOYOTA SUSPENSION PACKAGES • Tacoma X-Runner with street performance suspension • TRD Sport Packages • TRD Off-Road Packages

  49. BRAKE OVERVIEW

  50. STAR SAFETY SYSTEM™ • Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD) • Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) • Brake Assist (BA) • Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) • Traction Control (TRAC) Us-tu07-31-v2_0_fpo

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