O. ŞAHİN İÖP-1 1090610178

1. Countable-Uncountable Nouns O. ŞAHİN İÖP-1 1090610178

2. İngilizce’de isimler countable (sayılabilen), uncountable(sayılamayan) olmak üzere ikiye ayrılırlar. Sayılabilir isimleri rakamlarla ifade edebiliriz: A cat, a pen, two houses, etc.

3. Sayılamayan isimlerse;katı, sıvı, gaz, toz vbmaddelerdir: • rice, sugar,butter • furniture, luggage • milk, water, soda • electricity, gas, power

4. Soyut kavramları karşılayan isimler de sayılamazlar: • music, art, love, happiness • luck, chance, honesty • wealth, health, news • education, anger confidence

5. Countable (Sayılabilen) İsimlerCountable nouns are things that we can count: • dog, cat,animal,man, person • bottle, box litre • coin, note, dollar • table, chair, suitcase • cup, plate, fork

6. Countable nouns can be singular or plural: • My dog is playing. • My dogs are hungry.

7. We can use indefinite article a/an with countables: • A dog is an animal. • I have a brother. • An insect can be very little. • I’ve got a professional camera.

8. When a countable noun singular, we must use a word likea/the/my/this: • I want an orange. (not I want orange) • Where is my bottle? (not where is bottle?) • A dog is an animal. (not dog is animal)

9. When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone: • I like horses. • Bottles can break. • Computer games can affect children. • Families are most important in Turkish culture.

10. We can use someand any with countable nouns: • I’ve got some dollars. • Have you got any pencils? • I don’t like any kind of animals. • Some birds don’t fly.

11. We can use a few and many with countable nouns: • I’ve got a few dollars. • I haven’t got many pencils. • I have to do many homeworks. • A few students are absent in class today.

12. Uncountable (sayılamayan) isimlerUncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into seperate elements. We cannot count them: For example, we cannot count “milk” We can count “ bottles of milk” or “litres of milk”. But we cannot count “milk” itself.

13. Here are the some more uncountable nouns: • furniture, fruit, jewellery ,weaponry • meat, cheese butter, bread, ice • milk, beer, wine, soup, blood • pollution, air, steam, oxygen • salt, sugar, pepper, rice, wheat, corn,etc.

14. We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example: • This news is vey important. • Your luggage looks heavy. • This money is yours. • The scenery along the Bosphorus is magnificient.

15. We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say “an information” or “a music”. But we can say a something of: • a piece of news • a bottle of water • a grain of rice

16. We can use some and any with uncountable nouns. • I’ve got some money. • I haven’t got any rice. • I don’t use any sugar with my tea. • I haven’t got any idea about this problem. • We need some flour for making cake.

17. We can use a little and much with uncountables. • I have got a little money. • I haven’t got much rice. • Can you give me a little sugar, please! • I haven’t got much furniture.

18. Uncountable nouns seperate into some categories. Nouns denoting whole groups made up of similar items: • baggage/luggage, clothing, food, fruit • furniture, jewellery, junk, equipment • machinery, postage, scenery, traffic, • money,ammunition, weaponry, etc.

19. Substances • Solids: bread, ice, glass, iron, silver, etc. • Fluids: water, milk, soup, blood, oil, etc. • Gases: pollution, air, oxygen, etc. • Particles: flour, dirt, dust, sand, wheat, etc.

20. Abstract nouns • advice, anger, assitance, behaviour, conduct, courage, • education, employment, evidence, fun, happiness, health, • help, honesty, hospitality, importance, intelligence, • information, knowledge, justice, laughter, luck, music, • patience, peace, poetry, pride, progress, truth, etc.

21. The other uncountable nouns • Gerunds (İsim fiiller): Swimming (yüzme) Diving (dalma) Running (koşma) Cooking (yemek pişirme)

22. Recreation(Etkinlik): Chess (satranç) Tennis (tenis) Football (futbol) Basketball (basketbol)

23. Languages (Diller): Turkish (Türkçe) English (İngilizce) German (Almanca) Portuguese (Portekizce)

24. Fields of study (Çalışma alanları): History (tarih) Literature (edebiyat) Psychology (psikoloji) Chemistry (kimya)

25. Natural phenomena (Doğa olayları): • Fog(sis) • Hail (dolu) • Lightning (yıldırım) • Rain (yağmur) • Snow (kar)

26. Nouns that can be countable and uncountable • There are two hairs in my coffee. (countable) I don’t have muchhair. (uncountable) • There are two lights in my bedroom. (countable) Close the curtain. There’s too muchligth. (uncountable) • Have you got a paper to read? (countable) I want to draw a picture. Have you got some paper? (uncountable)

27. Our house has seven rooms. (countable) Is there room for me to sit here? (uncountable) • We had a great time at the party. (countable) Have you got time for a coffee? (uncountable) • Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s greatest works. (countable) I have no money. I need work!

28. Experience: It’s difficult to get a job without experience.(=deneyim, uncountable) We had some wonderful experiences on our trip. (olay, countable)

29. Noise: Noise is a kind of pollution too. (=gürültü, uncountable) We heard a loud noise down the river. (=ses, countable)

30. Glass: There may be some glass on the floor, because the window got broken. (=cam, uncountable) We need some more glasses for the party. (=bardak countable)