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The Rise of Adolf Hitler. 30.1 | The Dangers of Nationalism. The Issue of Ver sail les 1919. Paris demanded much Reparations were severe Borders were argued Paris wanted more enforcement Many political figures avoided it for votes Post-war economies REPARATIONS Became global
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The Rise of Adolf Hitler 30.1 | The Dangers of Nationalism
The Issue of Versailles 1919 • Paris demanded much • Reparations were severe • Borders were argued • Paris wanted more enforcement • Many political figures avoided it for votes • Post-war economies • REPARATIONS • Became global • Had no responsible leadership
A global debt • Weimar Republic owed France huge reparations • 132 billion gold marks: 1921 • The Allies owed the USA huge debt payments • France declares Weimar Republic loan default • Occupation of the Rhur and management of mines and railroads • Britain and USA became sympathetic • France was determined, but the Rhurdestabilized their economy • The Dawes [1924] and Young Plans [1929] • USA will loan money to Germany • Who will develop to pay the Allies • Who will pay USA • Issues?
The Nazi Party • The Weimar Republic [brilliant democratic system] tottered • Rhurinvasion in 1923 began this • Hitler’s first appearance in politics • German inflation • German nationalism • German anti-Semitism • German anti-Communism “Judeo-Bolshevism” • The Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party
The Decline of the Weimar Republic • Munich 1923: the “Beer Hall Putsch” • 16 Nazi’s killed by authorities and Hitler detained • Mein Kampf written: a story of Germany’s rise from ashes • The mid-20s saw economic revival in the Weimar Republic • The Nazi’s were not popular: 1928 elections = 12 seats • The Great Depression • Unregulated financial speculation [2008 mortgages] • Led to a Wall Street crash in October 1929 • German economic downturn led to political division • 1930 German president elects Heinrich Brüning as chancellor • Emergency powers given
The Rise of Hitler • German unemployment • March 1930: 2,258,000 • March 1932: 6,000,000 • Political deadlock gave rise to extremists • 1930 elections = 107 seats; communists = 77 | 577 seats total • Unemployment led to SA recruitment • Nazi party “storm troopers”: organized gangs who used intimidation • Gangs in Rome • Huge rallies held to “redeem” Germany from her humiliation after WWI • The French, the communists, and the JEWS were at the heart of it • Extreme German nationalism
Hitler Becomes Chancellor • Hindenburg elects a new chancellor in 1932 but was lacking support • Hitler and the Nazis were growing in popularity • A new election is called for and bans are removed from Nazi rallies • Nazis won 230 seats: 37.2% of the vote • Hindenburg refused to elect Hitler, who he saw as an extremist • November elections: Nazi fell to 196 seats: 33.1% of the vote • A new chancellor is elected December 1932 • Fear of a civil war between extreme leftists and extreme rightists • Political maneuvers made Hitler chancellor in 1933 • Vice-chancellor in place to monitor him • Hitler promised a strong Germany
The Slippery Slope • Rise up against tyranny • The nation against the “bad guy” • Victory and promises of national glory • Radical change • To reach the goals, change is needed • Reichstag fire 1933: communists arrested and later banned • The Enabling Act 1933: chancellor could rule by decree • Tyranny returns in a new form • Fascism: extreme nationalism and unity • Indoctrination of an entire nation • Totalitarianism and control • Often, no, always corrupt
