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Enhancing Criminal Accusations: The Role of Information in Photo Line-Ups

This study investigates whether providing additional information about a suspect before a photo line-up improves the accuracy of eyewitness identification. Conducted with two groups of students, one received a summary about the suspect while the other did not. Students identified suspects from a line-up, and voting patterns were analyzed. The outcome indicated that prior information may overwhelm witnesses, leading to less accurate selections. Insights from this research could inform law enforcement practices to improve eyewitness reliability.

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Enhancing Criminal Accusations: The Role of Information in Photo Line-Ups

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Additional Information: Pointless or Necessary? Grace Desjardins Grade 9

  2. Problem • Will added information lead to a more accurate accusation of a criminal?

  3. Research • Photo line-ups must contain 6 or more images • Same size, color, etc. • People must look similar, but only one can be involved in the crime • Looking at pictures from a photo line-up one by one can allow people to make more accurate judgments. • Must decide whether or not the photo is of the criminal each time • Don’t know what the next picture looks like • What is said before showing the line-up can affect the choices • Confidence level changes • Details can’t always be remembered exactly, so new images are formed.

  4. Hypothesis • If a summary of information about the criminal is given to the people choosing the criminal, then the results of the accusations picked from the line-up will improve.

  5. Required Materials • Camera (that can take both pictures and videos) • Computer • Summary of information about the “suspect” • Papers • Permission Slips • Voting Papers • Subjects Which Can Be Tested • 2 volunteers to participate in filming and preparing the summary • 2 classes of students to pick the “criminal” from the photo line-up

  6. Procedure • A video was created of the “crime scene”. • A picture were taken of the “suspect”. • “Filler” pictures were created on a computer. • The “suspect” photo was shown to two volunteers. • The volunteers wrote a description of the “suspect”. • A short summary of the information collected was written. • One group of students was shown the video of the “crime scene”, which was followed by the photo line-up. The students were asked to pick the “suspect”. • Votes were written down. • The second group was shown the video and photo line-up after the summary was read to them twice. They were asked to pick the “suspect”. • Votes were written down. • The results were recorded and compared.

  7. Variables • Control • Group that was shown only the video and photo line-up • Independent • Group that heard the summary and was shown the video and photo line-up • Dependent • Accuracy of the votes • Constants • Video • Photo Line-up • Order of the pictures within the line-up • The day the experiment was performed

  8. Data Comparisons A Look at Incorrect vs. Correct

  9. Photo 1 vs. Photo 3 Group 1 Group 2 Number of Votes Per Photo Number of Votes Per Photo

  10. Photo 2 vs. Photo 3 Group 1 Group 2 Number of Votes Per Photo Number of Votes Per Photo

  11. Photo 4 vs. Photo 3 Group 1 Group 2 Number of Votes Per Photo Number of Votes Per Photo

  12. Photo 5 vs. Photo 3 Group 1 Group 2 Number of Votes Per Photo Number of Votes Per Photo

  13. Photo 6 vs. Photo 3 Group 1 Group 2 Number of Votes Per Photo Number of Votes Per Photo

  14. Undecided vs. Photo 3 Group 1 Group 2 Number of Votes Per Photo Number of Votes Per Photo

  15. Conclusion • Hypothesis: “If a summary of information about the criminal is given to the people choosing the criminal, then the results of the accusations picked from the line-up will improve.” • Not supported for the following possible reasons: • Looked for details vs. whole picture • Overwhelmed by number of details given • Perception of information differs from person to person • What Went Wrong, Improvements & Advancements: • Pictures should not be so similar • Create a longer video or shorter summary • No one should be given the option of “undecided” unless informed beforehand

  16. Acknowledgements • Sources: • Barker, Barry M. "Photo Line-Up." Becoming a Police Officer: An Insider's Guide for a Career in Law Enforcement. Web. Oct. 2010. <http://careerpoliceofficer.com/PoliceandVictims/photo_line-up.html>. • Dittmann, Melissa. "Psychological Sleuths--Accuracy and the Accused." American Psychological Association (APA). Web. Oct. 2010. <http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug04/accuracy.aspx>. • EasyBib: Free Bibliography Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago Citation Styles. Web. 31 Oct. 2010. <http://easybib.com/>. • Malpass, Roy S. "A Lineup Evaluation "Do-It-Yourself Kit" for Attorneys and Law Enforcement." Web. Oct. 2010. <http://eyewitness.utep.edu/Documents/DIY%20Kit.pdf>. • Science Fair Project Ideas, Answers, & Tools. Web. Oct. 2010. <http://sciencebuddies.com>. • SpringerLink. Web. 31 Oct. 2010. <http://www.springerlink.com/content/n1574627h45021k2/>. • Steblay, Nancy, Jennifer Dysart, Solomon Fulero, and R.C.L. Lindsay. "Eyewitness Accuracy Rates in Sequential and Simultaneous Lineup Presentations: A Meta-Analytic Comparison." Law and Human Behavior 25.5 (2001). Web. Oct. 2010. <http://nysda.org/Hot_Topics/Eyewitness_Evidence/EyewitnessAccuracyRates.pdf>. • Thank you to everyone in attendance for listening to my presentation. I would love to answer any questions that you may have.

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