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Origins and Functions of the Supreme Court: A Comprehensive Overview

Learn about the constitutional origins of the Supreme Court, its structure, key members, jurisdiction, and the crucial concept of judicial review. Understand the significance of landmark cases and the role of the judiciary in upholding the constitution.

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Origins and Functions of the Supreme Court: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. The Judicial Branch

  2. Origins of the Supreme Court • Constitutional Origin. Article III, §1, of the Constitution provides that “[t]he judi-cial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.” • created by authority of the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789. • Jurisdiction: • Cases with ambassadors or other public ministers • Between two states • United States Laws and treaties

  3. Members of the Supreme Court • Chief Justice of the United States • WILLIAM H. REHNQUIST • Associate Justices • JOHN PAUL STEVENS • SANDRA DAY O’CONNOR • ANTONIN SCALIA • ANTHONY M. KENNEDY • DAVID H. SOUTER • CLARENCE THOMAS • RUTH BADER GINSBURG • STEPHEN G. BREYER

  4. Overview of the Judicial Branch • Function:Interpret Laws • Structure • District Court –Starting point of most cases • Appellate Court – 3 Justice panel – appeals only • Supreme Court – Original and Appellate Jurisdiction – Highest Court in the Land • Method of SelectionPresidential Appointment with approval from Senate 4. Term of office – Life (or Retirement)

  5. Judicial Review • Duty to interpret laws and uphold the constitution • John Marshall established Judicial Review (ability to deem laws unconstitutional) with Marbury v. Madison • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819, Marshall). The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.

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