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Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 1. What are nutrients?

Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 1. What are nutrients? substances that are required by the body for energy, growth & health 2. What are the six nutrients required by your body? water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals & vitamins

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Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 1. What are nutrients?

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  1. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 1. What are nutrients? substances that are required by the body for energy, growth & health 2. What are the six nutrients required by your body? water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals & vitamins 3. Why is water the most important nutrient for your body? it is used is nearly every chemical reaction in your body; 65% of your body is made of water

  2. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 4. What are the 3 main functions of water in your body? a. maintain blood pressure b. regulate body temperature c. transport medium for nutrients & wastes 5. What is dehydration? not enough water in the body - need to drink 8 8-oz cups (or 2 liters) every day 6. List the symptoms of dehydration. thirst, chapped lips, dry eyes, muscle cramps, headache, dizziness

  3. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 7. Why does your body crave carbohydrates first when you are hungry? its the main source of energy for the body 8. What are 2 types of carbohydrates? simple & complex 9. Simple carbohydrates: a. examples: monosaccharides - glucose, fructose disaccharides - sucrose (table sugar) b. foods found in: fruits, honey, processed foods made from sugar cane c. high in: fructose corn syrup, maple syrup, glucose syrup

  4. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 10. Explain simple carbohydrate digestion & absorption. simple - quickly absorbed, get energy rush complex - must first be broken down into simple carbs before being absorbed 11. Complex carbohydrates: a. examples: polysaccharides - starch, cellulose b. foods found in: whole grains, potatoes, rice, pasta c. high in: fiber - leafy green veggies, asparagus, onions, cauliflower, mushrooms 12. How much complex carbs should you eat? Why? 1/2 daily intake should be carbs, mostly complex help digestion & contain vitamins & minerals

  5. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 13. How much energy is contained in fats? has 2.5 times more energy than carbs & proteins 14.What are examples of good fats? monounsaturated fats & polyunsaturated fats 15. What are sources of good fats? MS - avocados, almonds, pecans, pumpkin seeds & canola, olive & sunflower oils PS - soybean, corn, safflower oils, walnuts, flax seeds & fish

  6. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 16. Why are good fats needed in your diet? help stabilize heart rhythms & improve blood cholesterol levels; the body does not make these fats 17. How much should you eat? MS - 10-25% of your daily calories PS - 8-10% of your daily calories 18.What are examples of bad fats? saturated fats & trans fats

  7. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 19. Why are bad fats not good to consume? our body stores these fats, so not necessary to eat - can increase blood cholesterol & lead to heart disease 20. What are sources of bad fats? meat, whole-milk dairy, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil - all are saturated fats 21. What are trans fats? partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

  8. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 22. Why are trans fats so bad for you? cause blood cholesterol to increase & cause immune system to overreact in inflammatory responses 23. What are 5 functions of proteins? a. enzymes - control chemical reactions in the body b. structural support for cells in the body c. main component of hair, skin & nails d. in all muscles - skeletal, smooth & cardiac e. antibodies (immune) f. hemoglobin (carries oxygen in the blood)

  9. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 24. What are proteins broken down to during digestion? amino acids 25. What are the 2 types of amino acids? essential (9) & nonessential (11) 26. What is #25 important to know? your body does not make essential amino acids, so need them in your diet to make proteins (are found in animal-based proteins)

  10. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 27. What are vitamins? organic molecules needed in small amounts; work with enzymes 28. What is the main function of vitamins in the body? part of enzymes 29. What are the 2 types of vitamins? List the vitamins found in each type. fat-soluble - A, D, E, K water-soluble - A, B complex

  11. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 30. Why can some vitamins cause a toxicity to develop? they are stored in the body; if you consume too much, they build up and create a toxic environment 31. What foods contain fat-soluble vitamins? What foods contain water-soluble vitamins? fat-soluble - animal fats from meat & whole-milk dairy water-soluble - fruits, veggies & grains 32. What are minerals? inorganic molecules needed in small amounts to help build and repair tissue

  12. Six Types of Nutrients Found in Food (pp. 208-212) 33. What are the 6 functions of minerals in the body? a. build & repair tissues b. build bone c. prevent tooth decay d. regulate nerve function e. balance body fluids f. iron is needed in RBCs - hemoglobin 34. What foods are good sources of minerals? cereals, bread, fruit, veggies, nuts, meats, dairy products

  13. Discussion Questions (p. 212) 1. Why is water an important nutrient? it is used by nearly every body system & in almost every chemical reaction; important transport medium 2. How are complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates different? simple - monosaccharides or disaccharides complex - polysaccharides 3. Why is fat a necessary nutrient in a healthy diet? it is a major part of cell membrantes; needed for hormone production; supplies energy to the body

  14. Discussion Questions (p. 212) 4. Why are some fats considered good while others are considered bad? good - are not made by the body, so need in the diet bad - the body makes 5. What is the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids? essential AA - are not made by our bodies, so we must eat foods that have them nonessential AA - are made by our bodies

  15. Discussion Questions (p. 212) 6. What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins? complete - has all essential AA, animal-based incomplete - doesn't have all essential AA, plant-based 7. Why are vitamins and minerals necessary nutrients? vitamins - work with enzymes to help cells function minerals - help build & repair body tissues

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