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Comprehensive Review of NLP Syntax Analysis: From POS Tagging to Grammar Rules

Explore the intricacies of Natural Language Processing (NLP) through our detailed review of syntax analysis, focusing on essential components like Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging, morphological analysis, and parsing techniques. Understand the foundational concepts including formal grammars, finite state automata, and context-free grammars. Delve into the methods of parsing, such as top-down and bottom-up approaches, and learn about parse trees, semantic structures, and more. Equip yourself with the necessary linguistic knowledge to classify language phenomena and apply semantics to enhance NLP applications.

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Comprehensive Review of NLP Syntax Analysis: From POS Tagging to Grammar Rules

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  1. 74.793 NLP and Speech Course Review

  2. NLP Syntax Analysis - Processes Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging Morphological Analyzer Parser Grammar Rules Lexicon thethe – determinerDetNP → Det NounNP recognized NP Det Noun parse tree Linguistic Background Knowledge

  3. What you should know! Areas, Terminology • Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics, Speech, Dialogue, Spoken Language • Metaphors • Intentions • Ambiguity (syntactic and lexical/ semantic)

  4. What you should be able to do! • Classify language phenomenon or method into category above. • Describe the areas briefly.

  5. What you should know! Basic theoretical concepts: • Formal Grammars and Languages • FSA (finite state automata, regular languages) • CF (context-free grammars/languages) • CS (context-sensitive --- )

  6. What you should know! Syntax: Concepts and Methods • Parsing (bottom up; top down) • Parse Trees • Problems in Parsing (recursion, especially left-recursive rules; binding problem) • Charts and Chart-Parsing • Earley Algorithm

  7. What you should know! English Grammar • POS Categories • Phrases • Phrase Structure Grammar • NP Modification • VP Subcategorization • Feature Structures: Unification • Features in Grammar Rules

  8. What you should be able to use! Semantics • simple Case Frame structures • Inheritance Hierarchies with Roles (relations), Features (functional attributes), and IS-A links • First-Order Predicate Logic

  9. What you should be able to do! Semantics • transformation between • CF structure and graphical representation (inheritance hierarchy) • CF structure and logic form • logic form and inheritance hierarchy  DL in both directions

  10. Student Presentations • Spatial Relations and Reasoning • Metaphors • Description Logics • DL and the Semantic Web • CommandTalk • Javelin • NL Generation • Speech and Translation

  11. In Addition! • Be aware of and be able to apply the knowledge you gained in this course (hopefully)

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