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World War II and the Holocaust

World War II and the Holocaust. 1939-1945. Objective. To understand the nature of the Second World War To understand the war aims of the Axis and Allied powers To understand how end of the Second World War and its Consequences To understand the Holocaust. Recap of Causes.

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World War II and the Holocaust

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  1. World War II and the Holocaust 1939-1945

  2. Objective • To understand the nature of the Second World War • To understand the war aims of the Axis and Allied powers • To understand how end of the Second World War and its Consequences • To understand the Holocaust

  3. Recap of Causes • Hitler wanted to scrap the restrictions the Treaty of Versailles imposed on Germany • The Allies and League of Nations were unable to stop Hitler

  4. Lead-up to War • Hitler remilitarizes Rhineland in 1935 • Hitler builds up army and air force • Italy invades Ethiopia in 1935; Allies do nothing • Rome-Berlin Axis formed in 1936 • Germany annexes Austria in 1938 • Germany dismembers Czechoslovakia in 1938

  5. Spanish Civil War • Prelude to Second World War • Fascists vs. Socialists • Allies did nothing

  6. Spanish Civil War

  7. Guernica

  8. War Leaders • The Allies • The United States: • President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (later succeeded by Harry Truman) • Great Britain • Prime Minister Winston Churchill • The Soviet Union • Premier Josef Stalin

  9. The Allies

  10. War Leaders • The Axis • Germany • Adolf Hitler • Italy • Benito Mussolini • Japan • General Hideki Tojo

  11. The Axis

  12. The War in Europe • Germany invades Poland on September 1, 1939 • Britain and France declare war on Germany • Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

  13. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

  14. The War in Europe • Germany invades Western Europe in 1940 • “Blitzkrieg” (lightning war) • Norway and Denmark conquered in April • Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg conquered in May • France conquered in June

  15. The War in Europe • Hitler targets Britain • Britain and Empire alone • Winston Churchill (1874-1965) becomes Prime Minister in 1940

  16. The War in Europe • The Battle of Britain (1940) • German strategy: Operation Sea Lion • Strategy • Unsuccessful

  17. Blitz over London

  18. The War in Europe • Italy and the war • Mussolini wants to recreate Roman Empire • Alliance with Italy becomes a burden for Hitler

  19. The War in Europe • Hitler turns to the Soviet Union • Part of Hitler’s overall plan • Stalin warned of German attack but did not listen

  20. The War in Europe • Hitler invades Soviet Union June 22, 1941 • Operation Barbarosa • Stalin taken by surprise

  21. Battle of Stalingrad

  22. The War in the Pacific • Japan becomes a major power in Asia in early 20th century • Japan militarizes in the 1930s

  23. Japan in the 1930s

  24. The War in the Pacific • Japan invades Manchuria in 1931 • Japanese aggression makes United States nervous

  25. The War in the Pacific • Role of the United States • Neutrality • Lend-Lease Act, 1941

  26. Neutrality vs. Intervention

  27. The War in the Pacific • Japanese aggression threatened American interests in the Pacific • US pressures Japan to withdraw from Indochina

  28. The War in the Pacific • Japanese navy attacks Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 • US declares war on Japan December 8, 1941

  29. The War in the Pacific • Japan takes over Southeast Asia and the Pacific • US fights Japan alone

  30. Pacific Theater

  31. The Home Front • Total War • Government control of economy • Rationing • Propaganda

  32. Anti-Japanese Propaganda

  33. War Propaganda

  34. Rosie the Riveter

  35. Major Battles • Battle of El-Alamein (1942) • Battle of Midway (1942) • Battle of Stalingrad (1942)

  36. European Theater

  37. The Holocaust • The “Final Solution • Precedents • Nuremberg Laws, 1935 • Kristallnacht, 1938

  38. The Holocaust • Construction of concentration camps throughout Europe • Role of Collaborators

  39. Nazi Concentration Camps

  40. The Holocaust • Six million Jews died in the Holocaust • Other populations also suffered • Allies informed about the Holocaust as early as 1942 • Unable or unwilling to help?

  41. The End of the War • D-Day June 6, 1944 • Second Front • Operation Overlord • Soviets invade Germany from the East • Germany surrenders on May 8, 1945

  42. The End of the War • Surrender of Germany allows Allies to focus on Japan • Fierce fighting on islands

  43. Allied War Aims • Atlantic Charter • Unconditional Surrender by Germany and Japan

  44. The End of the War • Manhattan Project • US drops first atom bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 • Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945

  45. Atom Bomb over Hiroshima

  46. Atom Bomb over Nagasaki

  47. The End of the War • The Yalta Conference, February 1945 • Plans to reconstruct Europe after the war

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