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Circulatory System

The circulatory system efficiently transports oxygen and removes waste from tissues, utilizing arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart, while veins return deoxygenated blood, aided by valves ensuring unidirectional flow. The heart functions as a pump, comprised of atria and ventricles, and relies on electrical impulses from the SA and AV nodes for rhythm. Meanwhile, the respiratory system includes airways such as the trachea and alveoli, facilitating gas exchange. Both systems are vital for sustaining life and health.

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System • Function – Transport oxygen and remove waste from tissues

  2. Blood Vessels • Arteries – carry blood from heart to tissues, carry oxygen rich blood

  3. Blood Vessels • Veins – bring blood back to the heart, many contain valves to ensure flow in one direction

  4. Blood Vessels • Capillaries – smallest blood vessels

  5. Capillaries • Exchange of oxygen, CO2 and nutrients

  6. Heart • Pump blood through the body, contracts 72 times/minute

  7. Heart • Atria – receive oxygen poor blood from body and oxygen rich blood from the lungs

  8. Heart • Ventricles – pumps blood to the lungs and to the body

  9. Valves of the Heart • Tricuspid valve – between right atrium and right ventricle

  10. Valves of the Heart • Mitral valve – between left atrium and left ventricle

  11. Blood Flow through the Heart • Pulmonary Circulation – blood that goes and returns to the lungs

  12. Blood Flow through the Heart • Systemic Circulation – blood that goes to the body systems

  13. Control of Heart Beat • SA node (pacemaker) – makes muscle fibers of the atria contract

  14. Control of Heart Beat • AV node – produces an impulse for the ventricles to contract

  15. Composition of Blood

  16. Composition of Blood • Plasma – 90% water, 10% gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, proteins, cholesterol, and other compounds

  17. Composition of Blood • Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) – transport oxygen, contain hemoglobin (iron rich protein that gives color to blood

  18. Composition of Blood • RBC’s - produced in bone marrow, do not have nucleus, live about 120 days

  19. Composition of Blood • RBC’s – destroyed in the liver and spleen

  20. Composition of Blood • White Blood Cells – guard against infections, attack bacteria

  21. White Blood Cells • Have a nucleus and can live for years

  22. Composition of Blood • Platelets – cell fragments made in bone marrow

  23. Platelets Stop bleeding together with clotting factors

  24. Risk Factors for Hypertension

  25. Normal Blood Pressure Ranges • This is a general view of the average blood pressure reading for the age range in question. • Age 15-19 - 117/77 mm/Hg • Age 20-24 - 120/79 mm/Hg • Age 25-29 - 121/80 mm/Hg • Age 30-34 - 122/81 mm/Hg • Age 35-39 - 123/82 mm/Hg • Age 40-44 - 125/83 mm/Hg • Age 45-49 - 127/84 mm/Hg • Age 50-54 - 129/85 mm/Hg • Age 55-59 - 131/86 mm/Hg • Age 60-64 - 134/87 mm/Hg

  26. Risk Factors of Hypertension - Race

  27. Risk Factors of Hypertension • Family History • Overweight

  28. Risk Factors of Hypertension • Not being physically active • Using Tobacco

  29. Risk Factors of Hypertension • Too much salt • Too little potassium

  30. Risk Factors of Hypertension • Too little Vit. D • Too much alcohol

  31. Risk Factors of Hypertension • Stress • Certain chronic conditions

  32. Respiratory System • Pick up oxygen from lungs and release CO2

  33. Structure • Nose – filter, moistens and warms air

  34. Structures • Pharynx – cavity at the back of the mouth that is the passage of air and food

  35. Structures • Trachea – brings oxygen to the lungs

  36. Structures • Larynx – contain the vocal cords

  37. Lungs • Surrounded by the pleura membrane

  38. Lungs • Bronchi – two large tubes that enter the lungs

  39. Lungs • Bronchioles – branches of the bronchi

  40. Lungs • Alveoli – tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; gas exchange takes place here

  41. Identify the parts

  42. Function of Breathing - Inhalation

  43. Function of Breathing - Exhalation

  44. Smoking • Damages structures of respiratory system

  45. Diseases caused by Smoking • Bronchitis – bronchi are inflames and blocked by mucous

  46. Diseases caused by Smoking • Emphysema – loss of elasticity and eventual break down of lung tissue; no cure

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