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1. ga@uni-hd.de www.lasik-hd.de Visualized light paths in different multifocal intraocular lenses Auffarth GU, Rabsilber TM, Mannsfeld A, Ehmer A, Limberger I.-J. International Vision Correction Research Centre (IVCRC), Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg Acting Chairman: G.U.Auffarth, MD The authors have no financial interest in the subject matter

2. Purpose - Introduction Multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOL) developed since the 1990s are rotationally symmetric and are either based on the principles of diffraction and/or refraction of the light or on a combination of these two principles. [1-5] The LENTIS Mplus multifocal intraocular lens (Oculentis GmbH, Berlin, Germany) features a completely new approach in multifocal lens technology: An aspheric, asymmetric distance-vision zone is combined with a sector‑shaped near-vision zone of + 3.0 diopters allowing for seamless transition between the zones. (Fig. 1, 2, 3) Figure 1 Working principle Mplus technology (Source: Oculentis GmbH, Germany) Figure 3 Embedded near segment in the lower IOL part Figure 2 Working principle Mplus technology (Source: Oculentis GmbH, Germany)

3. Methods - Optical Bench Laboratory Study Multifocal intraocular lenses with different optical principles were analysed including refractive, diffractive, and a new near segment design. Each IOL was placed in an eye model on an optical bench including an optical lens that is equal to the human cornea in terms of refractive power and a surrounding solution which simulated the vitreous body with regards to the refractive index. A bundle of monochromatic green laser light was projected through the eye model. Pictures of the light paths were taken with a digital camera. Figure 4a: Optical Bench Lab Setup, side view MIOLs tested were: The Rayner M-flex refractive MIOL, the Oculentis M-Plus MIOL with segmental zones, the AMO ReZoom refractive MIOL and the AMO Tecnis diffractive MIOL Figure 4b: Optical Bench Lab Setup, front view

4. Results - Optical pathway on optical bench Figure 5a Refractive MIOL I (ReZoom, AMO) Figure 5b Refractive MIOL II (M-flex, Rayner) Both refractive lenses (Fig. 5a, 5b) show diffuse foci compared to the diffractive (fig 5c) or segment (Fig. 5d) model with two defined foci for near and distance vision. Figure 5c Diffractive MIOL (ZM900, AMO) Figure 5d Segmental MIOL (Mplus, Oculentis)

5. Results - Optical pathway on optical bench Figure 6a Refractive MIOL I (ReZoom, AMO) Figure 6b Refractive MIOL II (M-flex, Rayner) The four pictures display the lens optical images, rings or segment. Comparing the screen images of the three multifocal concepts the Mplus segment lens (Fig. 6d) shows less loss of light than the refractive (Fig. 6a, 6b) or diffractive (Fig. 6c) lenses. Figure 6c Diffractive MIOL (ZM900, AMO) Figure 6d Segmental MIOL (Mplus, Oculentis)

6. Conclusion The optical bench analysis could demonstrate the different foci for near and distance in all MIOL types regardless the optical principle. The refractive MIOLs and the diffractive IOLs showed the already known pattern of light distribution. The Oculentis Mplus MIOL showed a light distribution similar to the refractive MIOLs but with a distinct higher brightness indicating a lower loss of contrast than the other MIOLs. Figure 7: Retroilluminated photograph of a Mplus IOL References: 1: Auffarth GU, Rabsilber TM, Kohnen T, Holzer MP. Design and optical principles of multifocal lenses. Ophthalmologe. 2008;105:522-6. 2: Auffarth GU, Dick HB. Multifocal intraocular lenses. A review. Ophthalmologe. 2001;98:127-37. 3: Buznego C, Trattler WB. Presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2009; 20:13-8. 4: Pepose JS. Maximizing satisfaction with presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses: the missing links. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:641-8. 5: Steinert RF. Visual outcomes with multifocal intraocular lenses. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2000;11:12-21.