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Tree species selection for ecological restoration : An example from Mexican tropical riversides

Tree species selection for ecological restoration : An example from Mexican tropical riversides. Paula Meli Miguel Martínez Ramos José María Rey Benayas. IV World Congress of Ecological Restoration Mérida, Yucatán, México. Introduction.

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Tree species selection for ecological restoration : An example from Mexican tropical riversides

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  1. Treespeciesselectionforecologicalrestoration: AnexamplefromMexican tropical riversides Paula Meli Miguel Martínez Ramos José María Rey Benayas IV World Congress of Ecological Restoration Mérida, Yucatán, México

  2. Introduction • Speciesselectionisone of themostimportantsteps in ecologicalrestoration • In manyregions, informationaboutspeciesexistsonlyfor a limitednumber of commerciallyvaluablespecies. • For most native forest types, it is unlikely that sufficient published information exists to select candidate framework species for further investigation (Blackeley et al. 2002). • Local knowledge and social perception are important (Blackeley et al. 2002; Garibaldi & Turner 2005).

  3. Introduction • Some criteria to select species with restoration purposes: • There is litlle effort to integrate different kind of informatiom. • Multivariate methods can be used but dataset are frequently incomplete.

  4. Objective Develop a «species selection index» useful for restoration purposes in riversides of humid tropics of Mexico that… • Considers ecological, social and technical criteria. • Could be «adaptive» (improved permanently). • Could be «versatile» (applicable to different ecosystems and regions).

  5. Study site Marqués de Comillas, Chiapas RBMA Rio Lacantún • 330,000 hectares of tropical rainforest • Five geomorphological types • High biodiversity • Endemisms of several taxa Marqués de Comillas

  6. Deforestation includes riversides • Loss of fish and invertebrate biodiversity in streams • People state that water provision diminished and riversides are eroded EcologicalRestoration of riversides in humid tropical Mexico Selecttreespeciesfor active restoration of Marqués de Comillas riversides

  7. Methods We propose six criteria:

  8. Criteria 1: Natural importance in referenceecosystems (NI) • Floristic inventory in conserved riversides (50x10m) • Only trees and shrubs >1.5cm diameter • Importance value index (IVI) (Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg 1974) Example of the first 15 species… IVI relativized to the maximun value NI = continuous variable (0-1)

  9. Criteria 2: Natural regenerationpontential (NRP) • Floristic inventory in secondary riversides 6-15 yrs old (50x10m) • Only trees and shrubs >1.5cm diameter • Spearman coefficient : Log (diametrical class) vs. Log (frequency+1) Example: r = -0.917; p <0.001 Ficus cotinifolia: r = -0.1; p = 0.770 Croton shiedeanus: Lower r indicateshigh NRP Lessinterestforactive restoration NRP = continuous variable [-1 , 1]

  10. Criteria 3: Adaptabilitytodifferentenvironments (Ad) Alluvial Karstic Lowlands Flooding (inundable) Savanna • Regional distribution • 5 ecosystems types • 3-5 plots in each ecosystem type • Species frequency Ad = # ecosystems Ad = discrete variable (0-5)

  11. Criteria 4: Ecosystemservices and functions (ES) Ecosystem servicies and functions: • Polinization / Dispersors attractor • Food provision or raw materials • Carbon storage • Cultural value • etc… Balvanera et al. (2005) ES = continuous variable Example of the some species…

  12. Criteria 5: Social value and perceptions (SV) • 4 workshops with local population (>40 local farmers) • Working in groups • Working with species cards • Collection of species information: name, natural abundance in riversides, local uses, life history, propagation.

  13. Social value (SV) = Abundance in riversides (ranks) * Number of local uses Examples: SV (Inga vera) = 5 * 1 = 5 SV (Vochysia guatemalensis) = 3 * 2 = 6 # uses 1 SV = discrete variable 1 1 0 2 1 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 4

  14. Criteria 6: Technicallimitations (T) • Modified from Knowles & Parrotta (1995) T = discrete variable (3-9)

  15. Results SpeciesSelectionIndex (fragment) SSI = NI + NRP + Ad/5 + ES + SV/max. value + T/9

  16. Results SpeciesSelectionIndex (fragment) SSI = NI + NRP + Ad/5 + ES + SV/max. value + T/9

  17. Discussion • This index integrates ecological, social and technical information. • Notalwaysavailablealltheinformationforallspecies, butitshould be thegoal at mediumterm. • Applicabletodifferentregions and ecosystems. • Easytoadaptwhendifferentneeds (e.g. weightening social ortechicalcriteria). • Natural regenerationpotentialshould be used as negativecriteria, becausewe are selectingspeciesforactive restoration. • Ecosystemservices and functionsisone of themostdifficultcriteriatointerpretate and itmustto be revised. • Conventional techniques developed for native species would be inappropriate for isolated small-scale nurseries. Innovative strategies are needed (Knowles & Parrotta 1995).

  18. Funding from the following organizations is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks!! Gracias!!

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