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Understanding Cancer: Types, Treatments, and Prevention

Learn about the study and treatment of cancer, the different types of tumors, and ways to prevent and detect cancer early. Explore journal prompts and facts to raise awareness.

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Understanding Cancer: Types, Treatments, and Prevention

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  1. CANCER Ms. Kelly 8th Grade Health

  2. www.thon.org • THON 2013 Promo Video • ELI’S STORY • Hatters Play 4 A Cure

  3. Oncology • Study and treatment of cancer • Over 100 types

  4. MOST COMMON TYPES

  5. New Cases vs. Death Rates

  6. Definition • Groups of abnormal cells that multiply out of control • Due to something wrong with size, shape, or DNA/function

  7. Tumors • Group of cells that grow together to form a mass • No apparent function • BENIGN: grows harmlessly without spreading • MALIGNANT: Abnormal cells that spread to other parts of the body (CANCEROUS!)

  8. BENIGN MALIGNANT

  9. Journal: • React the following statistics. How do they make you feel? Are you surprised, do they shock you, etc.? • In 2014, about 585,720 Americans are expected to die of cancer (almost 1600 people per day). It is the second most common cause of death in the US. • The 5-year survival rate for all cancers between 2003 and 2009 is 68% (up from 49% in the 70s). Source: American Cancer Society

  10. Metastasis • Spreading of cancer from localized area to other parts of the body via lymph and blood

  11. Biopsy • Removal of a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope

  12. JOURNAL: • You completed the “Faces of Cancer” activity last class… explain what you learned from the activity. Consider: • Trends, if any, you noticed (re: family history, age, etc.) • Risk factors (certain ones more common than others) • Etc…

  13. ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS: cancer-causing agents Alcohol Smoke/chewing tobacco Radiation (X-Rays) Nitrites (smoked meats) Sun (UV Rays) BIOLOGICAL Family tendencies Risk increases with age Others biological causes Asbestos Radon Pesticides Additives Causes of Cancer

  14. Latency Period • Period of time it takes for the cancer to develop • Time of exposure to time symptoms appear • Can be 20-30 years before the cancer is detected

  15. Avoid tobacco products Avoid excess alcohol consumption High fiber/low fat diet Avoid stress Avoid prolonged exposure in the sun (SPF 15 or higher) Avoid too much radiation Physical check-ups/ self-exams Prevention

  16. Cancer Fighting Foods • All dark, leafy, green veggies, cruciferous veggies (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage) • Whole grains (whole wheat, brown rice) • Vitamins C and E • Soy, beans, peas • All fruits • Olive oil • Salmon • Green tea

  17. Journal: If you could go anywhere in the world, where would you go and why??

  18. Change in bathroom habits A sore that doesn’t heal Unusual bleeding, bruising, or discharge Thickening or lump Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness Unusual weight loss/unusual headaches Warning Signs

  19. Treatments • Surgery—removal of tumor • Cryosurgery is used for mouth and skin cancers (liquid nitrogen)

  20. Treatments (con.) • Chemotherapy—50 different drugs (IV, pills, injection) • Chemicals destroy cancer cells by interfering with DNA without harming too many normal cells • Side effects: nausea, hair loss, rashes

  21. Treatments (con) • Radiation—Cancer cells more sensitive than normal cells • Most sensitive areas: bone marrow where blood cells are made (sternum) and pelvic area where reproductive organs located

  22. Remission • Period of time when person is symptom- free • Permanent remission: 5 years with no reoccurrence

  23. Melanoma • Most serious form of skin cancer • ABCDE’s of Melanoma Detection • A: Asymmetry • B: Border • C: Color • D: Diameter • E: Elevation

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