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Understanding Acids and Bases: Properties, Reactions, and Identifications

This comprehensive guide explores the essential characteristics of acids and bases, detailing how to identify them based on their covalent formulas and properties. Acids, which begin with H or end with COOH, possess a sour taste, act as electrolytes, and react with bases to form water and salts. We also delve into the distinctions between strong and weak acids, binary acid naming conventions, and the unique behaviors of bases. With examples and key reactions, including those involving car batteries, this guide aids in grasping the fundamental principles governing acid-base chemistry.

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Understanding Acids and Bases: Properties, Reactions, and Identifications

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  1. Topic: All about Acids and BasesDo Now:

  2. Acids

  3. IDENTIFY an AcidCovalent Formulas that start with H (exception: H2O2 and H2O) or end with COOH Table K

  4. Properties of Acids • Sour taste • Electrolytes: - ionize in water =conduct electric current - HCl H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) - HNO3  H+(aq) + NO3-(aq) • React with bases to form water and salt (Neutralization Reaction) • React with most metals to produce H2(g) and a salt • Why not all metals? HINT: Table J • Acids turn litmus red HCl + Mg  2 MgCl2 + H2

  5. Arrhenius Acid • Substance that contains hydrogen & produces H+1 ions in aqueous solution HCl(g) H+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq) HNO3H+1(aq) + NO3-1(aq) • An in H+ ions makes the solution Acidic H2O H2O

  6. Naming Binary Acids • Hydro + stem of nonmetal + ic HF = ? HCl = ? H2S = ? Hydrofluoric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrosulfic acid

  7. Not all acids are created equal • Strong acids completely dissociate • HCl H+ + Cl- • HNO3 H+ + NO3- • HBr H+ + Br- • HI  H+ + I- • Weak acids • HF • CH3COOH • Acetic acid • Ethanoic acid

  8. Strong acid in water = almost no original HA leftall converted to H3O+ and A-

  9. Weak Acid

  10. Which would be a better electrolyte? • HF or HI • HCl or CH3COOH

  11. Car Batteries Car batteries are typically made of plates of lead and separate lead dioxide plates what are submerged into an solution of about 65% water and 35% H2SO4 WHY do you think this is?

  12. Bases

  13. IDENTIFY a Base Covalent Formulas metal + OH (exception:NH3 it’s a base too) Table L CH3OH isNOTa base.WHY?

  14. Properties ofBases • Bitter taste • Slippery or soapy feeling • Caustic – dissolve your skin • Electrolytes • NaOH Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) • React with acids to produce water and salt • Bases turn litmusblue

  15. Arrhenius Base • substance that contains hydroxide group & produces OH-1 ions in aqueous solution (expect NH3 it’s a base too) NaOH(s)  Na+1(aq) +OH-1(aq)

  16. THERE IS A LIMITATION TO THIS MODEL… • NH3 is a base but it doesn’t contain OH-1 but it produces OH-1 :NH3 + H2O  NH4+1 + OH-1

  17. NamingBases • Name the metal + hydroxide NaOH = ? Ca(OH)2 = ? Mg(OH)2 = ? Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide

  18. Not all bases are created equal • Strong bases 100% dissociate • Group 1 and Group 2 metals + OH are considered Strong bases • NaOH Na+(aq)+ OH-(aq) • Weak bases • NH3

  19. REVIEW • Acids: start with H or end with COOH • Produces H+ ions • Turn litmus red • Bases: metal + OH • Produces OH- ions • Turn litmus blue

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