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Understanding Computers, the Internet, and World Wide Web: A Comprehensive Guide

This chapter provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts of computers, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. You will learn about hardware and software, input and output units, and the critical components of computer organization, including memory, processing units, and storage devices. The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding basic object-oriented technology concepts such as classes, objects, and encapsulation. Additionally, it explores the evolution of the Internet as a global communication network and the role of the World Wide Web in accessing multimedia documents.

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Understanding Computers, the Internet, and World Wide Web: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Introduction to Computers, the Internet and World Wide Web

  2. The chief merit of language is clearness. Galen Our life is frittered away by detail…. Simplify, simplify. • Henry David Thoreau Man is still the most extraordinary computer of all. • John F. Kennedy

  3. OBJECTIVES In this chapter you will learn: • Basic hardware and software concepts. • Basic object-technology concepts, such as classes, objects, attributes, behaviors, encapsulation and inheritance.

  4. Introduction • Computer • Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions • Computer programs • Sets of instructions that control computer’s processing of data • Written by people called computer programmers • Software • Instructions to command computer to perform actions and make decisions • Hardware • Various devices comprising computer • Keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, CD-ROM, processing units, etc.

  5. Computer Organization • Inputunit • “receive” section • Places data to processed by computer from input devices Scanner Mouse Keyboard Joy stick Bar code reader

  6. Computer Organization • Output unit • “Shipping” section • Places information processed by computer on output devices • Screen, printer, networks, etc. • Information can also be used to control other devices

  7. 1.3 Computer Organization (Cont.) • Six logical units of computer (Cont.) • Memory unit • Rapid access, relatively low capacity “warehouse” section • Retains information from input unit • Immediately available for processing • Retains processed information • Until placed on output devices • Often called memory or primary memory • Make sure all features work • RAM & ROM

  8. 1.3 Computer Organization (Cont.) • Six logical units of computer (Cont.) • Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) • “Manufacturing” section • Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions

  9. 1.3 Computer Organization (Cont.) • Six logical units of computer (Cont.) • Central processing unit (CPU) • “Administrative” section • Coordinates and supervises other sections of computer • Secondary storage unit • Long-term, high-capacity “warehouse” section • Stores inactive programs or data • Secondary storage devices • Hard drives, CDs, DVDs • Slower to access than primary memory • Less expensive per unit than primary memory

  10. Control Process Unit Control Unit ALU Input Units Output Units Memory Unit Storage Unit

  11. Case Motherboard

  12. Peripherals and ports

  13. 1.6 The Internet and the World Wide Web • Internet • Global network of computers • Initiated almost four decades ago • Accessible by computers worldwide today • World Wide Web • Allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents • Internet has become one of the world’s premier communication mechanisms

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