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THE CRUSADES

THE CRUSADES. Monastic Revival and Reform. In the early 1000s, a revival began to spread across Europe Monasteries led a reform to return the basic principles of the Christian religion. Reform of the Church Village Priests were married and had families—went against church rulings

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THE CRUSADES

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  1. THE CRUSADES

  2. Monastic Revival and Reform • In the early 1000s, a revival began to spread across Europe • Monasteries led a reform to return the basic principles of the Christian religion. • Reform of the Church • Village Priests were married and had families—went against church rulings • Positions in church sold by bishops—simony • Kings in control of church bishops • expanded power and authority • Age of Faith—new age of religious feeling was born

  3. Reform Begins • 910 AD - Founding of Benedictine monastery at Cluny, France • Monks follow strict Benedictine rule • Reputation sparks inspiration • 300 Houses under Cluny’s leadership by 1000 • Influence of papacy—the position or office of the pope • Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII enforce laws of simony and the marriage of priests. • By 1200s Church was revamped to resemble a kingdom—pope at the head

  4. The Great Schism • In 1300, King Phillip IV went against the power of Pope Boniface and created his own pope in the French city of Avignon • Of course each pope declared the other one false and this resulted in a spilt or schism in the Church • It ended in 1417 with the Holy Roman Emperor and his council making them resign and selecting a new single pope.

  5. The Churches Role • Popes power was extended • Curia—popes group of advisers acted as a court • Diplomats traveled through Europe for the pope and dealt with bishops and kings • The Church collected taxes—tithes • 1/10 yearly income • Hospitals

  6. How would your life be different today if church and state were not separated?

  7. Architecture • 800-1100 Built in Romanesque style • Round arches, heavy roof, thick walls, and tiny windows • Movement towards a new style—Gothic • Cathedrals thrust upwards, half-stained glass, high ceilings, sculptures, and wood carvings • Represented the City of God.

  8. Name some of the buildings you have seen that have similar architecture?

  9. The Crusades 1096-1204 • Pope Urban II reads a letter from the Byzantine Emperor asking for help with attacks from the Muslim Turks • A call is then issued for a “Holy War” –Crusade • Goals • to regain control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land • Economic motives

  10. Crusaders • 50,000-60,000 Knights became Crusaders • Laborers, farm boys, priests, bishops, and kings • Mainly French—also German, English, Scottish, Italian and Spaniard. • Knights were told they would be assured a place in heaven if they fought; possibility of claiming wealth • Wore heavy armor with red crosses sewn or painted across their chest • ¼ died along the journey • ¼ died in the wars

  11. First and Second Crusades • First Crusade 1097-1099 • Unprepared because they knew nothing about the geography, climate, or culture of the Holy Land. • No leadership or supply lines • Captured a small strip of land in Jerusalem • Second Crusade • Territory lost by 1144 to the Turks; organized to reclaim “their” land • Armies were unsuccessful and came home empty handed

  12. Third and Fourth Crusades • Third Crusades • Led by 3 Monarchs: Philip Augusts, Frederick I, and Richard the Lion Hearted—Philip drowned and Frederick pouted and went home • After many wars a truths was met in 1192 and Jerusalem was remained in Muslim control; Saladin promised unarmed Christian pilgrims could visit holy places • Fourth Crusades • There was a breach in the church in Constintantinople and the Church in the West, whose capital was Rome. The breach caused by the Crusades actions, became permanent.

  13. Spanish Inquisition • Isabella and Ferdinand wanted to unify their country under Christianity and to consolidate their power, so they made use of the inquisition. • Inquisition – Was a tribunal held by the Church to suppress heresy, heretics were people whose religious beliefs differed from the teachings of the church.

  14. Effects of Crusades • There was an increase of trade between Europe and Southwest Asia, these goods included spices, fruits, and cloth.

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