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Historical overview

Historical overview. Medieval Times 1100-1500. Important Events. 1066—the last of the Anglo-Saxon kings (Harold) was killed at the Battle of Hastings and William the Conqueror, duke of Normandy, was crowned king of England on December 25.

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Historical overview

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  1. Historical overview Medieval Times 1100-1500

  2. Important Events • 1066—the last of the Anglo-Saxon kings (Harold) was killed at the Battle of Hastings and William the Conqueror, duke of Normandy, was crowned king of England on December 25. • 1095- The first of centuries of “holy war” called the Crusades begins. • 1337-The Hundred Years’ War with France began and lasted until 1453, promoting English nationalism. This also caused the British to stop speaking French.

  3. Important Events • 1348-50- The Black Death killed an estimated 1/3 of England’s population and continued to plague the country for much of the rest of the century. • 1381- Labor shortages caused by the Black Plague gave peasants the means for revolt. The Peasants’ Revolt was the first British working-class rebellion. Although it failed, it was an important beginning of popular protest. • 1384- John Wycliffe died, having promoted the first translation of scripture into the English language (the Wycliffe Bible).

  4. Important Events • Circa 1387-Chaucer begins writing The Canterbury Tales. • Circa 1430- Middle English develops into Modern English. • 1476- William Caxton, the first English printer, established his press at Westminster, thus beginning the widespread dissemination of English literature and the stabilization of the written standard for the English language.

  5. Important Events • 1485- Henry Tudor became king of England, beginning the Tudor dynasty. • 1485- William Caxton prints Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morted’Arthur.

  6. Literature of the Times-Medieval • Still dealing with idea of the epic- What makes a great hero? • Now the idea of a hero is impacted by the French ideals of chivalry and courtly love brought over by Eleanor of Aquitaine (Henry II’s wife).

  7. Three Social Forces • Feudalism- a political and economic system based on the premise that the king owns all the land in the kingdom and merely grants the use of sections of it to his loyal barons. • The Church- the church was outside of the feudal system. It’s hierarchy was separate and above—the pope could excommunicate a king. • Chivalry and Courtly Love- Chivalry is a code of honor meant to govern knightly behavior—encourage generosity, bravery, piety, honesty, and honor. Courtly love-involves the idea of love outside of marriage, but encourages such love to be monogamous and (often) chaste.

  8. The Canterbury Tales: A Preview • Frame story- a story that adds meaning and gives a frame of reference for the rest of the story. • A group of pilgrims pass their time on their journey to the shrine of Thomas à Becket by telling stories. • Pilgrimage- a journey (usually to a holy sight or a saint’s tomb) in search of spiritual or moral enlightenment. Sometimes pilgrimages were made in the hopes of experiencing a miracle. • Thomas à Becket’s shrine in Canterbury was one of the most popular for pilgrims.

  9. The Burial of Becket .

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