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WELCOME

WELCOME. THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. THE SOLAR SYSTEM. Our solar system consists of the sun, nine planets and their natural satellites, count- -less asteroids and comets. The word ‘solar’ comes from the Latin word sol, which means sun. The sun is a self-lumi-

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WELCOME

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  1. WELCOME

  2. THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

  3. THE SOLAR SYSTEM Our solar system consists of the sun, nine planets and their natural satellites, count- -less asteroids and comets. The word ‘solar’ comes from the Latin word sol, which means sun. The sun is a self-lumi- -nous ball of every hot gases. It produces its own heat and light.

  4. PLANETS The word ‘planet’ comes from a Greek word meaning ‘wanderer’. There are nine planets in our solar system. The fixed path of a planet is known as the orbit.

  5. In order of their distances from the sun, the planets are: • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune • Pluto

  6. Mercury Mercury is the planet nearest to the sun. it is not much larger than our planet Earth and its surface is cov- -ered with craters. It takes 88 days to go around the sun once and has no satellites.

  7. Venus Venus is the brightest heavenly body seen from the Earth, after the sun and the moon. It has a dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide which makes it very hot. It goes around the sun once in 225 days.

  8. Earth The Earth is fifth in size and third in position from the sun. It is spherical and slightly flattened at the poles. It is the only planet on which life is possible.

  9. Mars 2003 Rover, July 2000. Mars is also known as the Red Planet. It completes one revolution in 687 days. Mars

  10. JUPITER Jupiter is the largest of our solar system. The surface is seen as a mass of swirling multi-coloured clouds. It has 16 satellites and orbits the sun in almost 12 Earth years.

  11. Saturn Saturn has a number of rings around it. These are made of dust particles, rocks and icy icy fragments. Saturn has 23 satellites and orbits the sun in 29.5 Earth years.

  12. Uranus Uranus has a number of rings around it. Unlike any other planet, its axis is titled almost to the plane of its orbit. it has 15 satellites and orbits the sun in 84 Earth years.

  13. Neptune It appears as a greenish disc when seen through a telescope. It has a thick gaseous atmosphere, with perhaps a cold rocky centre. It has 8 satellites and orbits the sun in about 165 Earth years.

  14. Pluto It is the planet farthest from the sun and is therefore the coldest. It is also the smallest planet. It orbits the sun in 248 Earth years.

  15. THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTHThe Earth has three layers- • Crust • Mantle • Core

  16. Crust It is the Earth’s solid outer layer. It is up to 30km thick beneath mountains, but only 6km thick under the oceans. The crust floats upon the softer, denser mantle.

  17. Mantle Just under the crust is the mantle. It is completely solid. It is about 2,900 km thick and makes up nearly of the Earth’s total volume.

  18. Core It is below the mantle. It is a dense Ball of the elements iron and nickel. It is split into two parts-an inner and outer core. The inner core is solid And the outer core is molten (liquid).

  19. WHY LIFE IS POSSIBLE ON THE EARTH

  20. Life is possible on the Earth because of the following reasons: • Presence of essential elements. • Presence of oxygen • Presence of water • Presence of atmosphere • Temperature of Earth • Right amount of mass and gravitational force

  21. Presence of essential elements: The Earth has essential elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. These elements combine to form proteins-the building blocks of life.

  22. Presence of oxygen: Life cannot survive without oxygen. The Earth has a large amount of oxygen in the air.

  23. Presence of water: Water is also essential for life. The Earth has vast reserves of water. Water regulates the body temperature and also helps in processes like digestion, excretion, etc.

  24. Presence of atmosphere: The atmosphere has a protective layer of ozone gas which saves the Earth from harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

  25. Temperature of Earth: The Earth distance from the sun gives it the right temperature for the develop- -ment of life-forms. If there were ten percent increase or decrease in the distance from the sun, the Earth would have been a cold or hot dessert.

  26. Right amount of mass and gravitational force: The Earth has the right amount of mass. This mass produces strong gravitational force. This force holds the atmosphere intact.

  27. DIFFERENT REALMS OF THE EARTH

  28. The three realms of the Earth are: • Atmosphere • Lithosphere • Hydrosphere

  29. ATMOSPHERE

  30. What is atmosphere? The air surrounding the Earth is called the atmosphere. The atmosphere has been divided into different layers.

  31. The different atmospheric layers are: • Troposphere • Stratosphere • Ionosphere • Exosphere

  32. TROPOSPHERE It is the layer of atmosphere nearest to the Earth’s surface. It extends to an altitude of 16 kilometers. It influences the Earth’s climate. It contains all the constituents of air. Winds,storms,clouds,rain and all weather changes take place here.

  33. STRATOSPHERE Bulk of the atmosphere lies below this sphere. This extends up to an altitude of 80km from Earth’s surface. No oxygen exists in it.

  34. IONOSPHERE This lies up to an altitude of 800 km. It extends from about 80km to 800km above the Earth. Man made satellites circle at about 600km above the Earth’s surface.

  35. EXOSPHERE It extends beyond an altitude of 800km from Earth.

  36. COMPOSITION OF AIR: Air is a mixture of several gases such as nitrogen, oxygen,inert gases,carbon dioxide and water vapour.

  37. Constituents of air: Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon dioxide Inert gases Water vapour Dust particles Percentage: 78% 21% 0.03% 0.95% Variable Variable COMPOSITION OF AIR:

  38. IMPORTANCE OF ATMOSPHERE • It contains oxygen which is required by plants and animals. • It filters the sunlight and the heat. • The circulation of air results in different climatic zones.

  39. LITHOSPHERE

  40. What is lithosphere? The part of the Earth consisting of its crust, i.e., rocks including stones and soil is known as the lithosphere.

  41. FUNCTIONS OF LITHOSPHERE: • It supports all the life-forms of the Earth. • It is a rich source of minerals. • It is a major source of fuels such as coal, petrol, etc.

  42. HYDROSPHERE

  43. WHAT IS HYDROSPHERE? The water on the Earth’s surface is known as hydrosphere.

  44. IMPORTANCE OF OCEANS: • They regulate the temperature of the Earth. • They are a medium for cheap transport. • They support marine life. • They are a reservoir of fossil fuels.

  45. Water cycle: Water never disappears from the Earth. Nature recycles every drop of water over and over again through a process called water cycle. The Source of energy for water cycle is the sun.

  46. BIOSPHERE

  47. Biosphere: The biosphere is unique to the planet Earth. It is a narrow zone where the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere come into contact with each other.

  48. THANKYOU Presented by:- ANSHUL GOYAL VII C

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