The Second World War

1. The Second World War

2. What’s the big deal? • 100 million soldiers fought • 60 million dead (40 million civilians)

3. Long Term Causes • Fascism – aggressive nationalism. Strictly enforced laws by a dictator. Pride in the military and expanding the nation. • Great Depression The_Rise_of_Nationalism_asf.asf

4. Contributing CausesIsolationism v. Internationalism • Isolationism – avoiding economic and political commitments with other countries • Internationalism – trade between nations creates prosperity and prevents war France (11%) Great Britain (8%) percentage of total population killed or wounded in WWI United States (0.37%)

5. Versailles Treaty • Germany… • Pay Reparations, No Military, No Austria

6. Appeasement • (def.) giving-in to demands in exchange for peace

7. Adolf Hitler • German Dictator – der fuhrer Leader of the Nazi Party

8. Hitler’s Rise • Decorated WWI Veteran • Outraged at surrender (Dolchstoßlegende ) • Very Anti… • Weimar Government, Jewish, Communist • Beer Hall Putsch (1923) • 5 years (only served 6 months) Mein Kampf

10. First Major Violation – Occupation of the Rhineland

11. Anschluss – (def.) unification • Germany neither intends nor wishes to interfere in the internal affairs of Austria, to annex Austria, or to conclude an Anschluss." • Adolf Hitler - 21st May 1935 • March 13, 1938 – Hitler sends troops to Austria

12. Lebensraum “living space” The Sudetenland • From Hitler’s Mein Kampf – My Struggle • Munich Conference – Neville Chamberlain (GB), Édouard Daladier (Fr), Mussolini, and Hitler • I have no further interest in the Czecho-Slovakian State, that is guaranteed. We want no Czechs. • Adolf Hitler (26th September 1938) • Hitler gets the Sudetenland • “There will be peace in our time.” • Neville Chamberlain

13. Anschluss and the Sudetenland

14. "If ever that silly old man comes interfering here again with his umbrella, I'll kick him downstairs and jump on his stomach in front of the photographers". ~ Hitler on Chamberlain

15. Hitler-Stalin Non Aggression Pact • Also Called the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact • An agreement to divide Poland between the USSR and Germany

16. The Start of The War • Poland (1 September 1939)

17. Blitzkreig Video • Norway, Denmark and the Benelux Countries • France is Next

18. Maginot Line

19. The Players Joseph Stalin Winston Churchill FDR Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Hideki Tojo

20. Benito Mussolini • Italian Dictator • Blackshirts

21. Joseph Stalin(Man of Steel) • Communist Dictator of USSR • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • Soviet Union Responsible for an estimated 30 million deaths within the Soviet Union How?

22. Sir Winston Churchill • British Prime Minister • (1940-45, ‘51-55) • Largest attended funeral by world statesmen in history of world except for John Paul II in 2005

23. Dunkirk (Operation Dynamo) • British evacuation (War almost ended) • Operation_Dynamo___May_27__1940.asf

24. Battle of Britain • RAF v. Luftwaffe • London_Blitz___September_7__1940.asf • Brit. lose 832 fighters; Ger. lose 668 plus 600 bombers

26. Operation Barbarossa • Hitler Invades the Soviet Union • Largest Military Operation in History • 4.5 million German troops • Probably the reason Germany lost

27. Map

28. The Holocaust • What do you know about the Holocaust? • (def.) the mass killing of Jews and other civilians carried out by the Nazi government before and during WWII • Shoah – Hebrew term for the Holocaust

29. Origins of Anti Semitism • Christianity • Protocols of the Elder of Zion • Complete Fabrication of Jewish Conspiracy to Conquer the World • Dreyfus Affair • No Home – Russian Pogroms – Immigration to Europe

30. Other Groups Targeted • Roma • Communists • Russian POWs • Homosexuals

31. The Jewish Population of Europe (1939)

32. Stats • Pre-War Jewish Population – 9.5 million • Post-War Jewish Population – 3.5 million

33. How it started Nuremburg Laws (11/35) – If one of your grandparents was Jewish you could not… • Be a citizen • Vote • Marry a German • Hold public office • Work as journalist, teacher, lawyer, farmer, doctor or own a business

34. “Those who burn books will, in the end, burn people too.” Joseph Goebbels

35. Heinrich Himmler The Instruments The Gestapo – Hitler’s secret police that rounded-up Jews and political prisoners Einsatzgruppen– Hitler’s branch that was dedicated to implementing the Holocaust Adolf Eichmann – leader

36. Kristallnacht – the night of broken glass

37. Kristallnacht (11/9/38) 20,000 of the wealthiest Jews were arrested – they were let go if they agreed to forfeit their possessions and leave Germany

38. Immediate Consequences • 350,000 flee Germany • Many were stuck – Great Depression • Hiding

39. Hitler on Poland and the Slavs • "...with orders for them to send to death mercilessly and without compassion, men, women, and children of Polish race and language. Only in this way can we obtain the living space we need. Whatever we find in the shape of an upper class in Poland will be liquidated,"

40. Wannsee Conference (1/42) Nazi leaders met to determine the “final solution” to the Jewish question. They decided to round-up Jews and ship them to: Concentration Camps or Extermination Camps

42. Auschwitz-Birkenau 1.6 million were exterminated at Auschwitz-Birkenau, of those 1.3 million were Jews

44. Roll Call