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Methods, Standards and Work Design: An Introduction

Methods, Standards and Work Design: An Introduction. INSY 3021 Auburn University Spring 2008. Applicability. All aspects of business/industry such as stores, hotels, hospitals, banks, airlines, government, etc… Sales, finance, production, engineering, cost, maintenance, and management.

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Methods, Standards and Work Design: An Introduction

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  1. Methods, Standards and Work Design: An Introduction INSY 3021 Auburn University Spring 2008

  2. Applicability • All aspects of business/industry such as stores, hotels, hospitals, banks, airlines, government, etc… • Sales, finance, production, engineering, cost, maintenance, and management. • Considered by most as applicable to only the production function.

  3. Scope • Goal: Combine the lowest possible production cost with maximum employee satisfaction. • Includes: Designing, creating, and selecting the best manufacturing methods and processes, tools, equipment, and training workers to produce a desired product/service.

  4. Background • If the production department is the heart of an industry then methods, standards, and work design is the heart of production. • This function determines how competitive a product/company will become. • Who performs this analysis? Engineers, OA, psychologists, HR, supervisors, and workers.

  5. Typical Approach • Identify the problem • Break job down into operations • Analyze each for most economical method (consider Ergo/Safety) • Apply proper time values • Place method in service • Follow up for adjustments/changes

  6. Methods Engineering • AKA: OA, work design, re-engineering, productivity improvement (increased production/unit time or decrease cost/unit) • Primary responsibility: Design and develop Work Center (WC) where product will be produced • Secondary responsibility: Continually restudy WC’s to find a better way!

  7. Systematic Approach • Select the project • Retrieve, format and present data • Analyze data • Develop method • Present and install method • Develop a job analysis • Establish time standards • Follow up

  8. Work Design • Fit the task and work station to the operator (Ergonomics) • Increased rates of RSIs and CTDs result from overly simplifying procedures resulting in machine like repetitive tasks • Method Engineers must incorporate ergonomics and safety considerations into the development/restructure of new or existing methods

  9. Standards • End result of time study or work measurement • Establishes an allowed time to perform a given task, based on measurable results • Considers allowances for fatigue, personal, and unavoidable delays

  10. Historical Perspective • Taylor is considered the father of modern time studies in the USA • Breaks up work assignments into tasks known as “elements” • Many standards were based on supervisors guess or inflated to show false gains within the department

  11. History (cont.) • Congress basically restricts “time study” work until ban lifted in 1949 • Gilbreth’s are founders of modern motion study (micromotion) • 1917 Gantt develops charts to show project schedules for war time shipbuilding • 1957 HFS founded in USA

  12. History (cont.) • 1970 OSHact passed • 1981 NIOSH lifting guides • ADA passed • 1991 NIOSH lifting guides revised • 1995 draft ergonomics standard released for CTDs • Currently several computerized time systems are available

  13. Questions & Comments

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