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Ministry of Environment and Forestry Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010. Sustainable Mountain Development in Turkey the case of TCP/TUR/3102 Project

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Ministry of Environment and Forestry Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

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  1. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 Sustainable Mountain Development in Turkey the case of TCP/TUR/3102 Project Development of public participation and improvement of socio- economic prosperity in mountain communities; Yuntdagi Model MEVLUT DÜZGÜN National Project Coordinator October 2010, Rome Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  2. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 SOME FACTS AND FIGURES (Turkey) • Turkey is located in Alps-Himalayan mountain belt • Three types of parent material form the mountains; Orogenic, Tectonic and Volcanic mountains • Total territory: 78.5 million Ha • The mountainous area: about 50% of total territory • Average altitude: 1032 meters • Major peaks: 1 over 5000 mt, 3 over 4000, 219 over 3000 mt. • Rural population:25% (17,9 million) of total (2008) • Population in mountain areas: data NA.(after the definition of Mt areas) Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  3. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 MAJOR DIFFICULTIES/CHALLEGES ON MOUTAIN MANAGEMENT • Mainly State owned territories, less attention, impacts negatively on mountain management issues • Marginality, less favorite areas • Lack of specific policy/strategy, less priority by public bodies • Unclear responsibility, conflicts on management • No synergy/integration, weak coordination among public institutions • Out migration, loss of manpower and interest • State of natural resources, mainly degraded in vicinity • Inaccessibility, remoteness, high cost of infrastructure, • Less interest by outsiders; low investments, isolation, less priority, etc, • Land scarcity, Small size and poor quality of private/arable land Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  4. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 • OPPORTUNITIES/POSIBILITIES • Increased interest; public and private (tourism, food,advanture etc.) • Global/regional initiatives and achievements; IYM, FAO etc. • Rich mountain assets; biodiversity, cultural and historical heritages, • Environmental concerns, over-population etc.; problem in urban places turning into opportunity • Changes on tourism concepts; rural tourism, agro-tourism, mountain sports, safaris etc, • Recent trends/perceptions of societies; economic well being, leisurely activities, increased life standards in rural dwellers • Local-specific products and other niches, quality products, cultural and historical places etc. Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  5. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 RELATED MEASURES TAKEN (completed and ongoing) Ecology and land rehabilitation (GAP, large scale watershed rehabilitation projects, including SEAWRP, AWRP, etc), Afforestation/ reforestation in highlands, other forestry operations, range management/improvement etc Livelihood improvement (a number of rural development projects and programs, area specific pilot and/or model projects, village development schemes, forestry sector’s subsidies) Tourism and Sports (resorts, cable lines, winter sport services) Research and inventory studies (scientific studies on water, forestry, flora and fauna etc) Biodiversity protection (n. parks, nature parks, inventories and research studies, specific protection areas etc.) Recent Government Initiatives (decentralization approaches and KOYDES program) Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  6. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 • TITLE: Development of public participation and improvement of socio-economic prosperity in mountain communities; Yuntdagi Model • Duration: 24 months, (2008-2009+1 year Phase II) • Executive Institution:Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Strategy Development Department in coordination with Manisa Provincial Directorate of the Ministry • Supporting institutions: Ministry of Agriculture and Village Services, FAO, State Planning Organization (DPT), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Manisa Governorship, Other Local units, Associations, Unions, Cooperatives, NGOs etc. • Financing: FAO-TCP • Implementation area: Selected villages in Yuntdağı region, Manisa province THE YUNTDAGI MODEL PROJECT (TCP/TUR/3102) Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  7. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AREA (Yuntdağı Region) Türkmen Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  8. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 BASIC FIGURES ABOUT YUNTDAGI REGION • Located in north-west of Manisa Province • 63 villages with 6.774 households and 19.000 inhabitants • Altitude varies from 200m. to 1074 m. • Mediterranean vegetation/climate is dominant • Forested area and rangeland areas are limited • Agricultural practices based mainly upon rainfall, shortage of water • Main crops are wheat, barley, tobacco, and olive, pistachio etc. • Viniculture area is getting increased • Outmigration of young generation is a problem • Expectations of the villagers in the region are very high Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  9. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 BASIC FIGURES ABOUT TURKMEN VILLAGE • Türkmen is small village and 31 km far from Manisa city • 39 households, 217 inhabitants • Out-migration of the young generation is common, • Total forest lands is about 788,5 hectares • 30 hectares of forest land with Wild Pistachio trees • 59 cattle and 2.000 sheep in the village, rangelands is very limited • Some 363 hectares dry cultivation and 6 hectares of irrigated land • Water shortage for irrigation is a problem • The most popular agri-products are wheat, barley, sainfoin, pistachio • Vineyards (alfonse variety) is an important cash crop Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 9

  10. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT • Chapter 13 of the Agenda 21, as a good mandate to Turkey’s circumstances, • Findings/outputs of 2002 International Year of Mountains (IYM), • FAO’s encouragement for TCP project proposal on SMD (Chambery workshop), • The Outcomes of Turkey’s mountain Symposium and Bolu workshop, Turkey, • Turkey’s need for legislative instrument and institutional mechanism on sustainable mountain development, • Needs for the integrated and multidisciplinary mountain related programs/projects of the related institutions • Turkish government’s demand, FAO’s support and visit of the formulation mission to the project site (Yuntdagi and around) Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  11. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT To support to the Turkish Government on implementation sustainable mountain development and improving the livelihoods of rural people in mountain areas (Development objective) To introduce multidisciplinary and participatory approaches for sustainable mountain development and building up the framework for mountain management planning.(Objective at national level) To test modern approaches for sustainable management of mountain ecosystems and for livelihood improvement at the selected pilot site (Objective at field level) Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  12. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT OUTPUTS INPUTS USED *FAO bodies*international expertise*other missions*TCP budget THE PROJECT *input for FAO experiences*new areas of cooperation*new contacts INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL *knowledge gained *increased public interest *experience on SMM *awareness raised *experienced/trained team *strategic document on SMD *public Institutions *project bodies *NGOs *national experts *project administration *government contributions NATIONAL NATIONAL *Increased local interest *pilot interventions *participation *experience on SMM *awarenes raised *local capacity building *local public institutions *local project staff *local NGOs *villagers *logistics LOCAL LOCAL

  13. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 ACTIVITIES DONE BY THE END OF 2009 (1) • The Inception workshop was held on 23-24 January 2008 in Manisa, • Steering Committee, NPC, Coordination Team (at the Ministry), local Project Team, Project Office (Manisa) • Three baseline surveys were completed and land use plan (Turkmen village) was prepared by the national experts, • The training seminar on the participatory approaches was conducted June 2008, in Manisa, • The workshop on sustainable mountain development in Turkey was realized in Manisa, • The project office/Yuntdagi Rural Initiative Centre was established • A Study Tour was organized to Aosta Valley, Italy Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  14. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 ACTIVITIES DONE BY THE END OF 2009 (2) • Nine pilot activities were identified and completed, • Three FAO-backstopping missions were realized, a FAO’s Water Evaluation Mission visited to project site • Four missions of retired expert and three missions of LTO were realized in Ankara and Manisa, • A draft strategic document on SMM in Turkey was finalized • Proposals for legislative instruments and institutional mechanism on SMD were discussed, developed and formulated • Two exchange visits were organized • A number of meetings were made, • Equipment and material were purchased • Media campaigns/awareness raise has been done Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 14

  15. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 FINDING FROM SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY AND INTERVIEWS • A baseline survey conducted and a questionnaire was applied in 7 villages, 648 individuals with a random sampling method. 4 groups (farmers, women, youth and children),7 muhtars were interviewed • Major Findings • Agricultural income is about three quarters of the total income • Wheat is dominant, tobacco, grapes and milk are common • Hand crafts, tourism, organic agriculture are the major unused potentials of the area. • The women are found to be interested in training courses. • High level of immigration of the young generation • Small size, quality of the land, lack of water resources Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 15

  16. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 FINDING FROM SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY AND INTERVIEW (2) • Negative impacts on cooperatives and producers unions. • Fruits and vegetables are desired despite lack of irrigation • Animal husbandry is maintained, but shortage of pastures • Willingness for courses on pest control, pruning, livestock, marketing • Employment opportunities in other sectors • Better irrigation conditions is expecting • Most women are un-paid family workers with primary school education • According to the women, unemployment, health care, hygiene are the main problems, • Open and hidden unemployment rate is high among young generation. • Only about 28% employed as paid workers in the industry’ m ajority of those young individuals • Young generation wish to become public servants Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

  17. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 THE OUTCOMES OF THE STRATEGIC DOCUMENT (sustainable mountain management in Turkey) • It was strongly recommended in the project formulation, • Responsible national expert prepared draft framework in a coordination with NPCand other experts, • The National Development Plans and their relevance with mountain management was studied at sectoral basis (Sectoral expertise commissions’ reports) • Initiatives and process in EU and the member countries was reviewed, • It was sent to over 40 national public institutions and other related foundations including faculties and research units, • Through their remarks, comments etc. the document was revised several times and the last draft was sent to FAO and LTO, • Then the final draft strategic document on SMM prepared and printed. Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 17

  18. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 THE OUTCOMES OF THE STRATEGIC DOCUMENT (2)(sustainable mountain management in Turkey) The main outputs and findings • Legislative and institutional mechanisms on mountain management are needed, • Permanent coordination mechanism such as commission, committee, team etc. should be established at national as well as local levels where appropriate, • Such mechanism should include representatives from all related sectors, public, private and NGOs and so on, • Integrated and multisectoral approach is must, • National planning processes should include the sustainable mountain management issues (Specific sectoral expertise commission report), • National Rural Development Plan which is about to be finalized and endorsed include a mountain management action. Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 18

  19. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 SELECTION OF THE PILOT AREA (VILLAGE) Turkmen village was selected as a pilot area of the project with some criteria among the10 villages in the region(accessibility, remoteness, local interest, contact, past innovations, cooperatives etc) Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 19

  20. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 SELECTION OF PILOT ACTIVITIES/SUB-PROJECTS • Nine proposals were decided as pilot interventions among the 25 proposals • Three major criteria were considered during the selection process as following: • Inputs for the contribution to the livelihood of local people, • Positive impacts on the protection and sustainable utilization of the natural resources • Visible results at the end of project Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 20

  21. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 1. The project office (Yuntdagi Rural Initiative Center) in Turkmen 21 Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 21

  22. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 2. Establishment of demonstrative grape yards in Recepli village Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 22

  23. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 3. Private afforestation and rehabilitation with commercial tree species 20.5 hectares of common land was planted by Stone pine, seedling providedfrom private family nursery in the village. Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 23

  24. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 4. Fodder crop production 20 hectares, 33 farmers. fodder crop (vicia sativa) Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 24

  25. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 5. Establishment of drip irrigation system for the grape yards in Turkmen Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 25

  26. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 6. Promoting solar energy systems in Turkmen 10 houses, 15% of cost paid by house owners Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 26 26 26 26 26 26 26

  27. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 7. Improvement of sheep growing and establishment of a washing pool for sheep herds Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 27 27 27 27 27 27 27

  28. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 8. Processing equipment for local-specific products such as pasta, noodles, jam, grape syrup etc. Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

  29. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 9. Contribution and improvement of the pistachio growing 1000 of wild Pistachio trees of 35 farmers’ land in Turkmen and Recepli villages were grafted Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 29 29 29 29 29 29 29

  30. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 OUTPUTS OF LOCAL ACTIVITIES TO BE LINKED WITH NATIONAL MOUNTAIN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES • Experience how local bodies be involved in national programs and incentives (integration of local inst., effective cooperation), • The role of varieties of local income generating activities in such programs and projects (grape yards, Pistachio grafting, etc.) • Approaches on the protection/sustainable use of natural resources (drip irrigation, fodder crops, solar systems, tree plantation) • The importance of the participation of stakeholders (national and local bodies, villagers) • Satisfaction/convince of local people (visible results, priorities of local people, listening to farmers) Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 30 30 30 30

  31. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 OUTPUTS OF LOCAL ACTIVITIES TO BE LINKED WITH NATIONAL MOUNTAIN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES (2) • Information dissemination (media campaign, training sessions, printed materials) • Common use of assets and facilities by local communities (project office, sheep washing pool, pistachio nursery, water resources) • New initiative of establishing of the user/interest groups (for each pilot activities (9 total), communication, contact and knowledge sharing among the group members) Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 31 31 31 31

  32. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 IMPACTS OF PILOT ACTIVITIES ESTABLISHMENT OF INTEREST GROUPS Pilot activity: Promoting solar energy systems in Turkmen As a renewable energy resource, 10 houses were randomly selected by the villagers for the the solar energy system and its usefulness was introduced to the villagers.. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate exercise such initiatives. Implementation Area: Turkmen village Beneficiaries: 10 households in the village Situation by the end of 2009: completed Implementing and supporting bodies: Manisa Governorship, Project coordination and Provincial Directorate of Ministry of Environment and Forestry, AgricultureandManisa Viticulture Research Institute • GROUP 7 : Improvement of sheep growing and establishment of a washing pool for sheep herds • Purpose: • Target group and members: • Possible activities: • Required materials/tolls for group activities: • Key persons/institutions responsible from the group activities: Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 32 32 32 32

  33. INDIRECT IMPACTS AND OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT State Hydrologic Service (SHS) has been pushed and facilitated on the sustainable and more economically and productive utilization of the water resources in the region. A number of staff of the Ministry have been trained and get more involved in mountain subjects. Interest by outsiders to the project (students from different faculties got knowledge, 5 national 1 foreign). The outputs of the socio-economic survey made by the project can be used as ready data for other programs and projects in the region. One FAO mission on water evaluation has selected to visit to the project area. New demands for visiting to the project side. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 33 33 33 33 33

  34. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 LESSONS LEARNT • Innovative and useful initiative for Turkey, • Increased the relations with FAO bodies and new possibilities in cooperation, • FAO’s experiences gained, • Knowledge, experienced and information on SMD observed, • Awareness/interest on Mountain management issues, • Participation was realized as a key issue, • The importance of integration and cooperation among public institutions and other stakeholders, • The need for strategic document on SMD Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 34 34 34 34 34 34 34

  35. TCP/TUR/3102, Yuntdagi Model Project, FAO HQ, October 2010 FOLLOW UP AND WAY FORWARD • The last draft of the strategic document sent to all stakeholders for their final remarks, • Remarks and comments will be broadly discussed and finalized, • Final document will be sent to State Planning Organization (SPO) for the next official action, • A draft legislative document on the establishment of permanent National Mountain Management Committee was prepared and will be sent to Cabinet for approval, • The villagers, institutions, local NGO’s etc. are being encouraged for maximum utilization of Turkmen Center, • By means of the financial sources of central government and provincial institutions replication of pilot activities is encouraged, • Linkages between field and national activities, • Project booklet (about to finalize) will be printed and distributed. 35 Ministry of Environment and ForestryFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 35 35

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