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Prospect of Animal Breeding Technique in Korea

Jump to the future!. Prospect of Animal Breeding Technique in Korea. 2010. 8. 22 DEUKHWAN LEE Hankyong National University, Korea. Korean livestock industry. I . Beef cattle( Hanwoo ) improvement program. II . Dairy cattle improvement program. III .

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Prospect of Animal Breeding Technique in Korea

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  1. Jump to the future! Prospect of Animal Breeding Technique in Korea 2010. 8. 22 DEUKHWAN LEE Hankyong National University, Korea

  2. Korean livestock industry I Beef cattle(Hanwoo) improvement program II Dairy cattle improvement program III New project for genetic improvement on cattle IV Conclusion V Contents

  3. I. Korean livestock industry

  4. Livestock Consumption per capita

  5. Livestock production per year(unit=1000t)

  6. Self-sufficiency per year (unit= %)

  7. Livestock population in Korea(unit=1000) (1) Number of herds in which herd size was greater than 3,000

  8. Number of livestock & product ratio • Beef cattle : Hanwoo + Holstein bulls • Proportion of livestock product on Agricultural product • LP : livestock product, AP : Agricultural product

  9. Dairy industry Table. Change of dairy population during 10 yrs in Korea • Decreasing number of farmers & livestock numbers • Increasing efficiency & farm size

  10. National genetic evaluation system

  11. Cow bull selection Elite progeny Genetic evaluation system of dairy and beef cattle in Korea (Nationwide genetic evaluation system: beef and dairy cattle) National institute Genetic evaluation Mating scheme Test Station(Beef) Farm(Dairy) Registration KoreanAnimal Improvement Association

  12. Role & responsibility of genetic improvement • Estabilishment of Breeding object & support of budget : Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries • Animal Registration : Korean Animal Improvement Association • milk recording(DHI in dairy) : Each Local livestock Cooperative • collected DHI data by Dairy Cattle Improvement Center in NACF • Performance & progeny test(beef cattle) • Hanwoo : Korean Cattle Improvement Center that is a branch of NACF(National Agricultural Cooperatives Federation) • Genetic evaluation : National Institute of Animal Science

  13. National Genetic Evaluation System in Hanwoo

  14. Breeding scheme of Hanwoo Genetic evaluation system of Hanwoo 54 months Performance test mating • Select elite cows and bulls • Mating and produce calves • Select calves for testing performance • Performance test • Genetic evaluation and Young bull selection(100heads) • Collect semen from young bull • Supply semen to test farmers • Test various performance of its progeny • Slaughter of grown progeny • Collecting carcass data • Genetic evaluation • Proven bull selection Bulls Test data analysis Elite cow Test population (1000heads) Young bull selection(100heads) Progeny test A.I. Birth Semen Dams(5000heads) Bulls Carcass records Selection proven bull (30heads) Genetic evaluation Semen Farms

  15. Breeding objectives of Hanwoo • Objectives for genetic improvement • Growthtraits • : birth weight, weaning weight, 6month weight, 12month weight, 18month weight, market weightandlinear type • Carcass traits • carcass weight, backfat thickness, longissimus muscle area and marbling score • Reproduction • fertilization rate, Days open, stillbirth

  16. Genetic evaluation methods of Hanwoo • Animal model applied since 1992 (Computer program package developed by D. Lee) • For selecting young bull • Where BVW12 : standardized estimated breeding value of body weight at 12 month of age BVMS : standardized estimated breeding value of marbling score using pedigree index

  17. Genetic evaluation methods of Hanwoo • For selecting proven bull • Where BVEMA : standardized estimated breeding value of eye muscle area at slaughter(24 Mo of age) BVBF : standardized estimated breeding value of backfat BVMS : standardized estimated breeding value of marbling score

  18. System for Genetic evaluation in Hanwoo • Twice a year(April & October) • Data(example on genetic evaluation at April, 2010) • 4,014 rec for growth traits from performance tests • 1,573 records for growth traits from progeny tests • 3,711 records for carcass traits from progeny tests • 48,433 pedigree records(including unknown ancestors) • Statistical models • Genetic parameters for evaluation(diagonal: herit, Upper: environ., Below: Genetic Corr)

  19. Selection results • No. Proven bull by selecting by nationwide genetic evaluation on Hanwoo

  20. Phenotype Performance by Genetic improvement program in Hanwoo • Body weight at 18 Month on steer 500.5kg in 1998 => 566.6kg in 2007(12.2% increased) • Percentage of the first grade on meat quality 15.3% in 1998 => 50.9% in 2007(232% increased)

  21. Genetic improvementresults(Body weight) Average gains Body weight

  22. Genetic improvementresults(Meat Grade) Total Cow Castrated Bull Figure . Proportion of choice meat grade(1++) in Korean beef

  23. Genetic improvementresults(Meat Grade) • President prize on Hanwoo meat contest in 2010

  24. Selection results(website)

  25. Selection results(website)

  26. National Genetic Evaluation System in Dairy cattle

  27. Genetic evaluation system of dairy cattle Genetic evaluation system of dairy cow 68 months Performance test Performance test Fertilized egg • Collect bulls from farmers or fertilized egg transfer for producing young bull • Performance test • Result data analysis • Young bull selection • Collect semen from young bull • Supply semen to test farmers • Raising bull’s cow • Parturition of cow • Collecting milking data • Genetic evaluation • Proven bull selection Bulls Young bull selection Semen Progeny test growth Birth Progeny(1,350heads) Dam(4,500heads) mating Test Results Genetic evaluation Test records Birth BV Farms Semen Proven bull selection

  28. Breeding object • Dairy cattle

  29. Traits for genetic evaluation in dairy cattle • Evaluation traits • Production traits(305d corrected) • Linear type traits Final Score(FS): 0.54

  30. Genetic evaluation methods of dairy cattle • Data adjustment • Production traits • Adjusting to 305d milk cumulated yield using adjustment factors • Using first parity data • Linear type traits • Using first parity data • Data elimination • outlier, less than 74 days in milk, pedigree error

  31. Genetic evaluation methods of dairy cattle • Model • Single trait animal model • Production traits : Y = HYS + Animal + Error • Linear type traits: Y = HYC + Age + Stage + Animal + Error • Method: 2nd order Jacobi iteration • Genetic parameter(heritability) • milk yield: 0.25, fat%: 0.30, protein%: 0.50, SNF%: 0.50 • KTPI(Korean Type Production Index) • Where PTAT: Predicted Transmitting Ability for final score of type UDC: udder composite(fore udder attach(FU)*0.16+rear udder height*1.60(UH)+rear udder width(UW)*0.12+udder cleft(UC)*0.10+udder depth(UD)*0.30+teat placement(TP)*0.10

  32. Selection results • Proven bull selection in dairy cattle

  33. Change of general performance by genetic improvement program in dairy cattle

  34. Performance by genetic improvementprogram in Dairy cattle • Dairy cattle(Milk yield/yr) • Average in Korea 6,694kg(1998) => 8,554kg(2007) • Average on DHI farms 7,252kg(1998) => 9,598kg(2008) • 2008 :305day milk yield rank (ICAR) • 1th: Israel(11,118kg, 2007) • 2th: USA(10,049kg, 2007) • 3th: Korea(9,598kg, 2008) • 4th: Canada(9,538kg, 2007) • 5th: Japan(9,162kg, 2006)

  35. Genetic improvementresults • Increased gains (for 10 yrs) • Increased milk quality(somatic cell count, unit=1000)

  36. Genetic improvementresults • Export of sire to Vietnam

  37. Selection results

  38. Selection results

  39. Study on Genetic Evaluation for Linear Type Traits in Holstein Cows Deukhwan Lee1, Sang. Oh2 and Niki C. Whitley2 1Hankyong National University, Korea 2North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, USA Published on Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23(1): 1-6

  40. Objectives • to evaluate genetic performance for linear type traits of individual Holstein dairy cows • to estimate genetic variances for these traits using actual data • to compare genetic performance for type traits on progeny of sires originated from the different country

  41. Data and Statistical Modeling • Data • Total of 30,204 records which was collected from 26,701 individuals • Traits: Five comparative traits(GSC: general stature composite, DCC: dairy capacity composite, BSC: body size composite, FLC: foot and leg composite, UDC: udder composite)<scored with 1 to 6 (1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, 4 = good plus, 5 = very good and 6 = excellent) and Final scores (FS)(with a range of 50 to 100) • Table 1. Information of data structure for linear type traits and type scoring traits in Holstein cows in Korea

  42. Data and Statistical Modeling • Data Figure 1. Type scoring traits in Holstein cows in South Korea. Traits analyzed included general stature composite (GSC), dairy capacity composite (DCC), body size composite (BSC), foot and leg composite (FLC) and udder composite (UDC).

  43. Data and Statistical Modeling • Statistical Modeling • yijklmn = +HYSi+AGEj+STAGEk+TIMEl+am+eijklmn Where  is overall mean HYSi : ith Head-year-season at Appraisal date (i= 1 to 2224) AGEj : jthage effects (k = 1 to 9) STAGEk : kth lactation stage (p = 1 to 12) TIMEl : lth Appraisal time effect (q = 1 to 12) am : mthanimal additive genetic effect eijklmn : residual random effects yijklmn : observed or non-observed latent variables. • Analysis Linear-threshold model by likelihood approach (thrgibbsf90, cblup90iod)

  44. Results(Genetic parameters) Table 2. Estimates of heritabilities, genetic correlations and environmental correlations (their standard errors) for the type composite traits in dairy cattle in Korea1

  45. Results(Breeding values) Table 3. Breeding value meansstandard errors for data from Holsteins in Korea with different genetic backgrounds for the following traits: general stature composite (GSC), dairy capacity composite (DCC), body size composite (BSC), foot and leg composite (FLC) and udder composite (UDC) Values with different superscripts on same column differ significantly

  46. Conclusion • Composite type traits were moderate or highly heritable • GSC = 0.46 • DCC = 0.35 • BSC = 0.47 • FLC = 0.29 • UDC = 0.43 • FS = 0.54 • general stature composite (GSC ) was excellent on cows originated from Canada • For final score, CA>KO>US on genetic superiority

  47. Additional project for genetic improvement

  48. Traceability of beef 2008,July • Using DNA sampling & RFID chip AI -> Birth DNA sampling Slaughtering Registration Parentagetest Carcass records Correct pedigree & phenotypes

  49. Embryo transfer for producing young bull in dairy • Faster genetic improvement • Sire & dam simultaneously • For gooddam • embryo import(same as sire+dam import) VS One to many One to one

  50. Future prospect

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