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a) CSTR

a) CSTR. b)  Batch Reactor. c) PFR. d) Packed Bed Reactor (PBR). e) Trickle Bed Reactor. f) Fluidized bed reactor. a) Shell & Tube heat exchanger. b) Fired heater. c) Multiple effect evaporator. a) Cyclone separator. a) Cyclone separator.

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a) CSTR

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  1. a) CSTR

  2. b)  Batch Reactor

  3. c) PFR

  4. d) Packed Bed Reactor (PBR)

  5. e) Trickle Bed Reactor

  6. f) Fluidized bed reactor

  7. a) Shell & Tube heat exchanger

  8. b) Fired heater

  9. c) Multiple effect evaporator

  10. a) Cyclone separator

  11. a) Cyclone separator • - Separates fine solid particles from a gas-solid mixture- Uses centrifugation as working principle.- Very good separation of solid and liquid possible

  12. b) Centrifuge • - Separates solids from solid-liquid mixture- Uses the principle of centrifugation for separation- Very good separation of solid and liquid possible

  13. c) Electrostatic separator • - Separates solids from solid-gas mixture- Uses the principle of charged surfaces to separate the solids- Very common in process technologies.

  14. d)  Thickener • - Separates a slurry (solid-liquid) into a sludge and clarified liquid • - Settling is adopted as working principle

  15. e) Liquid-liquid separator • - Uses decantation as working principle based on density difference.

  16. f) Filter  • - Separates a solid from solid-fluid mixture- Uses a fine mesh/cloth to separate under pressure.

  17. a) Centrifugal pump • - Energizes liquids to moderately high pressure.

  18. b) Reciprocating pump • - Energizes liquids to very high pressures.

  19. c) Steam jet •  Used for providing vacuum (low pressure) in various units- Common in process flow sheets.

  20. d) Compressor - Enhances pressure of gases to high values.

  21. e) Expander • - Reduces pressure of gas to lower values- Recovered energy used for shaft work or power generation (electricity).

  22. a) Crusher • - Continuous operation- Size control is very easy

  23. Process flow sheet for ammonia manufacture using Haber’s process.

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