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Hate Groups

Hate Groups. Definitions. Prejudice : Negative attitude toward category of people, such as racial or ethnic minority. Prejudice- an attitude Discrimination- an action (behavior).

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Hate Groups

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  1. Hate Groups

  2. Definitions • Prejudice: Negative attitude toward category of people, such as racial or ethnic minority. • Prejudice- an attitude • Discrimination- an action (behavior) Two main categories of discrimination: 1. Individual discrimination - one-on-one acts by members of dominant group that harm members of subordinate group or their property 2. Institutional discrimination - day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions that have harmful impact on members of subordinate groups

  3. Robert Merton’s Typology of Prejudice and Discrimination Four patterns: • 1. Unprejudiced nondiscriminatory – integration • 2. Unprejudiced and discriminatory – institutional discrimination • 3. Prejudiced and nondiscriminatory – latent bigotry • 4. Prejudiced and discriminatory – outright bigotry

  4. Ethnocentrism: Tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life are superior • Ethnophaulism: Ethnic or racial slurs - including derisive nicknames. • Scapegoating: Group collectively identifies another group as threat & blames for problems

  5. Forms of Racism Active racism: act intending to exclude or make person feel inferior because of his/her minority group Passive racism: act of being complicit in another’s racism Cultural racism: values that reinforce interests of dominant group while undermining interests of subordinate group, e.g., hostility to employment equity

  6. Why Conflict Between Groups? • Ingroup-outgroup bias • Favoring ingroup over outgroup: • “we are better than them” • ethnocentrism • Ingroup favoritism tends to be stronger than outgroup rejection • Nationalism is produced by 'us' and 'them' orientation. -Tends to be destructive to multiculturalism • Two types of nationalism: • Civic nationalism - community of citizens who express loyalty and patriotic attachment to shared set of values • Ethnic nationalism - involves tracing roots, search for identity, political recognition of heritage

  7. Type of Social Movements Alternative: Least threatening, limited change-Planned parenthood Personal transformation - Hippies, New Agers, Meditation, Yoga, Communes Social change – environmental and animal rights movements- PETA, GreenPeace Reactionary - Aryan Nation, Right-to-Life, Apocalypse Soon

  8. Figure 23.1 Four Types of Social MovementsThere are four types of social movements, reflecting who is changed and how great the change is.Source: Based on Aberle (1966)

  9. Hate Crimes: Criminal offense committed with provable bias (hate) of perpetrator toward victim due to race, religion, ethnic background, national origin or sexual orientation. • Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 • 7,489 reported incidents of hate crimes 2003 • 52.5% - motivated by racial bias, 16.4% by religious bias, 16.4% by sexual orientation, and 14.2% by ethnicity or national origin. • Crimes of violence represented 63.3% of hate crimes. Murder accounted for only .1% of reported hate crimes. • Majority committed by teens, primarily white males

  10. Genocide Whitlock's Line of Acceptance Expulsion Segregation Cultural Pluralism Integration Assimilation Amalgamation

  11. Sociological Perspectives

  12. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective • Looks at social construction of ethnic differences and subordination of minority groups, through racial labels • Symbols are language, clothing, cars, etc.

  13. Functionalist Perspective • believes thatinequality benefits society by allowing for discussion of opinions, perspectives, and values • maintains that inequality produces social conflict that intensifies people's sense of identity and belonging, gives groups more cohesion along with better sense of purpose

  14. Conflict perspective • Focus on how one group more than another benefits from differentiation, exclusion, and institutional racism. • Groups are in conflict

  15. What Interpersonal Factors Disrupt Relations Between Groups? • The Robbers Cave Experiment • Conducted by Muzafer and Carolyn Sherif and colleagues in 1950s • Two groups of 11 yr boys: 11-The Rattlers and 11-The Eagles

  16. The Robbers Cave Experiment • Result: Reactions to conflict escalated from exclusion to verbal abuse to discrimination to violence • What caused the conflict between these two groups? Realistic conflict theory – theory in social psychology that ties into discrimination and stereotypes. Limited resources will lead to conflict within & between groups and this is direct reason why discrimination and stereotypes develop within society. Muzafer Sherif.

  17. Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. Hate multiplies hate, violence multiplies violence, and toughness multiplies toughness in a descending spiral of destruction....The chain reaction of evil--hate begetting hate, wars producing more wars--must be broken, or we shall be plunged into the dark abyss of annihilation. Martin Luther King, Jr.

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