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When birds fly in the right formation, they need only exert half the effort.

When birds fly in the right formation, they need only exert half the effort. Even in Nature, teamwork results in collective laziness. www.despair.com. 1650. 1660. 1640. 1690. 1670. 1680. 1700. London Fire (1666). Eng. Civ. Wars end (1648). England. Stuart monarchy restored

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When birds fly in the right formation, they need only exert half the effort.

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  1. When birds fly in the right formation, they need only exert half the effort. Even in Nature, teamwork results in collective laziness. www.despair.com

  2. 1650 1660 1640 1690 1670 1680 1700 London Fire (1666) Eng. Civ. Wars end (1648) England Stuart monarchy restored (1661) Plague hits London (1665) Glorious Revolution (1688) Eng. Civ. Wars begin (1642) Cromwell’s dictatorship (1649-58) James II Begins reign (1685) War of League of Augsburg (1688-97) 3rd Anglo- Dutch Naval War (1672-4) 2nd Anglo-Dutch Naval War (1665-7) 1st Anglo Dutch- Naval War (1652-4) Dutch Republic William III Marries Mary Stuart (1674) War of Sp. Succession (1700-13) Dutch indep. (1648) France 30 Yrs. War ends (1648) Mazarin dies & Louis XIV begins his active reign (1661) War of League of Augsburg (1688-97) Louis XIII dies & Mazarin’s Regency begins (1643) Louis XIV dies (1715) Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes (1685) Dutch War 1672-8) Fronde (1648-53) N. War b/w Sweden, Prussia & Poland (1655-60) Fred-Wm The Great Elector Starts his reign (1640) War of Sp. Succession (1700-13) Prussia Fred-Wm the Great Elector Dies (1688) Turks besiege Vienna & start of War of Holy League vs. Turks (1683) Austria 30 Yrs. War ends (1648) War of League of Augsburg (1688-97) Peter the Great dies (1725) War of Holy League ends (1699) Russia “Time of Troubles” (1598-1614) Great N.War vs. Sweden (1700-21) Peter I’s Great Embassy (1697)

  3. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king Petition of Right (1628) where Parliament forces Charles to agree not to: Imprison subjects w/o due process Levy taxes w/o Parl’s consent Quarter troops in subjects homes Charles survives w/o Parliament (1629-40) by: Reviving old feudal dues & fees Selling monopolies  Raises prices Extending ship’s tax inland to all England Growing rift between 2 factions: “Modern” capitalist-minded & Puritan Parliament “Medieval” monopoly-minded Anglican court Charles gets by until he tries to impose his prayer book on Scotland  Scots, rebel (1637) Charles calls & then dismisses the “Short Parliament” after 3 wks of arguing over $ & relig.  When Scots occupy N. Eng., he calls Parliament again “Long Parliament” Concessions to Parl. Peace until Irish revolt (1641)  Fight over control of army needed to suppress the revolt English Civil Wars (1642-8) (FC.96B)

  4. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island?

  5. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars?

  6. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army

  7. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69)

  8. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87)

  9. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88)

  10. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s relig. settlement, treatment of Parliament, & way of meeting expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88)

  11. Kings who succeeded Elizabeth? FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88)

  12. James I (1603-25), Mary, Queen of Scots’ son who also ruled as James VI of Scotland. As a result of this union, the term Great Britain starts to be used to describe England.

  13. James, known as the “most learned fool in Christendom”, liked to lecture Parliament at length on the virtues of absolutism.

  14. Remember kids, I may like all that frilly Catholic stuff like bishops & fancy ritual, but technically I’m still a Protestant. Mr. B gets really mad if you say I’m Catholic. By the same token, the Puritans get really mad when I claim to be Protestant. What’s a king to do? I guess I’ll go hunting. James I, shown here in his hunting outfit

  15. “Sure dad steered the ship of state towards the rocks, but we get to wreck it.”--Charles I.1-3 Van Dyck’s triple portrait of Charles I (1625-49). Charles’ absolutist philosophy, insensitivity to public opinion, and indecisiveness created the perfect combination of characteristics needed to get himself overthrown by revolution. It didn’t help that there were three of him.

  16. Van Dyck’s most famous portrait of Charles I (1625-49). Van Dyck was an especially popular portrait artist, largely because, instead of using the usual 6:1 ratio of body to head size, he used a 7:1 ratio. This made his subjects, such as Charles, appear taller and more regal. In reality, Charles was supposedly somewhat short & dumpy.

  17. Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. ? FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88)

  18. Two houses of Parliament? House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec.

  19. Who was in them? Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec.

  20. Anglican** Upper nobles. Puritan* Gentry (Lower nobles & rich M.C.) Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec. Religion?

  21. Anglican** Upper nobles. Puritan* Gentry (Lower nobles & rich M.C.) Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec. What was Puritanism?

  22. Anglican** Upper nobles. Puritan* Gentry (Lower nobles & rich M.C.) Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec. Type of Govt? *Puritans: English Calvinists

  23. Anglican** Upper nobles. Puritan* Gentry (Lower nobles & rich M.C.) Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec. Type of economy? *Puritans: English Calvinists

  24. Anglican** Upper nobles. Puritan* Gentry (Lower nobles & rich M.C.) Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec. King favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Econ. Type of Religion? *Puritans: English Calvinists

  25. Anglican** Upper nobles. Puritan* Gentry (Lower nobles & rich M.C.) Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec. King favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Econ. What was Anglicanism? *Puritans: English Calvinists

  26. Anglican** Upper nobles. Puritan* Gentry (Lower nobles & rich M.C.) Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec. King favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Econ. Type of govt? **Anglican Church (AKA Church of England) which is Protestant in theology but has Catholic ritual and a hierarchy of bishops. *Puritans: English Calvinists

  27. Anglican** Upper nobles. Puritan* Gentry (Lower nobles & rich M.C.) Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec. King favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Econ. Type of economy? **Anglican Church (AKA Church of England) which is Protestant in theology but has Catholic ritual and a hierarchy of bishops. *Puritans: English Calvinists

  28. Anglican** Upper nobles. Puritan* Gentry (Lower nobles & rich M.C.) Parliament House of Commons favors • Puritan Church* • Constitutional Monarchy • Free trade Capitalist econ. House of Lords favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Ec. King favors • Anglican Church** • Absolute Monarchy • Medieval Monopolist Econ. **Anglican Church (AKA Church of England) which is Protestant in theology but has Catholic ritual and a hierarchy of bishops. *Puritans: English Calvinists

  29. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: What did James & Charles clash with Parliament over? MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king

  30. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king A cup & ball festival, the sort of fun the king would like to see the Puritans indulge in on Sundays.

  31. Uh oh. It looks like Ollie’s gonna blow his top.

  32. What else? FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king

  33. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king

  34. Charles’ wife, Henrietta, who was French and Catholic, exerted some influence on her indecisive husband which led to some decisions that helped drive England toward Civil War.

  35. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king Petition of Right (1628) where Parliament forces Charles to agree not to: Imprison subjects w/o due process Levy taxes w/o Parl’s consent Quarter troops in subjects homes Arrest procedure?

  36. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king Petition of Right (1628) where Parliament forces Charles to agree not to: Imprison subjects w/o due process Levy taxes w/o Parl’s consent Quarter troops in subjects homes Taxes?

  37. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king Petition of Right (1628) where Parliament forces Charles to agree not to: Imprison subjects w/o due process Levy taxes w/o Parl’s consent Quarter troops in subjects homes Army’s homes?

  38. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king Petition of Right (1628) where Parliament forces Charles to agree not to: Imprison subjects w/o due process Levy taxes w/o Parl’s consent Quarter troops in subjects homes

  39. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king Petition of Right (1628) where Parliament forces Charles to agree not to: Imprison subjects w/o due process Levy taxes w/o Parl’s consent Quarter troops in subjects homes Charles survives w/o Parliament (1629-40) by: Reviving old feudal dues & fees Selling monopolies  Raises prices Extending ship’s tax inland to all England Ship’s tax?

  40. Feudal customs? FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king Petition of Right (1628) where Parliament forces Charles to agree not to: Imprison subjects w/o due process Levy taxes w/o Parl’s consent Quarter troops in subjects homes Charles survives w/o Parliament (1629-40) by: Reviving old feudal dues & fees Selling monopolies  Raises prices Extending ship’s tax inland to all England

  41. FC.96A THE ROAD TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1603-42) Eng. an island More trade & few wars Strong MC & less need for army Magna ChartaMore democratic traditions (FC. 69) Rel. wars in Eur. Desire for peace Abs. Mon’s (FC. 87) Elizabeth I’s moderate relig. settlement, moderate treatment of Parliament, & selling of royal estates t meet expenses (FC. 87) Inflation(FC. 88) Inflation(FC. 88) Clashes b/w absolutist-minded James I (1603-25) & Charles I (1625-49) vs. largely Puritan & middle class parliament over: MONEY: Rising customs duties & demands for $ for lavish court RELIG.: Cath-style ritual, dogma & hierarchy of clergy under king Petition of Right (1628) where Parliament forces Charles to agree not to: Imprison subjects w/o due process Levy taxes w/o Parl’s consent Quarter troops in subjects homes Charles survives w/o Parliament (1629-40) by: Reviving old feudal dues & fees Selling monopolies  Raises prices Extending ship’s tax inland to all England

  42. STUPID OUTDATED LAWS FOR YOU TO ENJOY

  43. STUPID OUTDATED LAWS FOR YOU TO ENJOY • In Marshalltown, Iowa, horses are forbidden to eat fire hydrants.

  44. STUPID OUTDATED LAWS FOR YOU TO ENJOY • In Marshalltown, Iowa, horses are forbidden to eat fire hydrants. • Hunting camels or plowing fields with an elephant is prohibited in Arizona

  45. STUPID OUTDATED LAWS FOR YOU TO ENJOY • In Marshalltown, Iowa, horses are forbidden to eat fire hydrants. • Hunting camels or plowing fields with an elephant is prohibited in Arizona • In Devon, Connecticut, it is unlawful to walk backwards after sunset.

  46. STUPID OUTDATED LAWS FOR YOU TO ENJOY • In Marshalltown, Iowa, horses are forbidden to eat fire hydrants. • Hunting camels or plowing fields with an elephant is prohibited in Arizona • In Devon, Connecticut, it is unlawful to walk backwards after sunset. • In Denver it is unlawful to lend your vacuum cleaner to your next-door neighbor.

  47. STUPID OUTDATED LAWS FOR YOU TO ENJOY • In Marshalltown, Iowa, horses are forbidden to eat fire hydrants. • Hunting camels or plowing fields with an elephant is prohibited in Arizona • In Devon, Connecticut, it is unlawful to walk backwards after sunset. • In Denver it is unlawful to lend your vacuum cleaner to your next-door neighbor. • In Ohio, if you ignore an orator on Decoration day to such an extent as to publicly play croquet or pitch horseshoes within one mile of the speaker's stand, you can be fined $25.00.

  48. STUPID OUTDATED LAWS FOR YOU TO ENJOY • In Marshalltown, Iowa, horses are forbidden to eat fire hydrants. • Hunting camels or plowing fields with an elephant is prohibited in Arizona • In Devon, Connecticut, it is unlawful to walk backwards after sunset. • In Denver it is unlawful to lend your vacuum cleaner to your next-door neighbor. • In Ohio, if you ignore an orator on Decoration day to such an extent as to publicly play croquet or pitch horseshoes within one mile of the speaker's stand, you can be fined $25.00. • It is illegal for a man to give his sweetheart a box of candy weighing less than fifty pounds in Idaho

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