3 rd REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON WATER AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

1. Zaragoza (Spain) 19 – 21 March 2007 Session 4 RECYCLING OF GREY WATER IN CYPRUS 3rd REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON WATER AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN C. A. Kambanellas BSc, PhD, S. C. Kambanellas BEng, MSc E-mail: kambanel@cytanet.com.cy

2. RECYCLING OF GREY WATERIN CYPRUS Methodology and Process Used Types of Tools for Water Demand Management Used Lessons Learnt Conclusions

3. South and Eastern Mediterranean Areas are Some of the Arid or Semi – Arid Regions of the World

4. About Cyprus • 3rd Largest Island in the Mediterranean • Population of 700 000 • 2.5 Million Tourist Arrivals Per Year

5. Water Resources Situation: • 1960 – 1996: Each New Project was bigger than the previous one • Water problem continued to grow • Big projects alone can not solve the problem without Water Conservation, like the Recycling of Grey Water at household level

6. Drinking & Cooking Water 3% Wash-Basin 8% Bath & Shower 21% Kitchen 10% Clothes Washing 7% Drinking Water Quality: 49% Toilet Flushing 28% Garden Watering 14% Car Washing 2% Other 7% Non Drinking Water Quality: 51% Typical Demand for Water in a Household in Cyprus The current level of municipal per capita water use is 175 l/c/d

7. Recycling of Grey Water • Five years research (1985 – 1991) • In Cyprus Grey Water is kept separate from Black Water • Treatment is done on site of collection (household level) • Treatment Cost Per m3: €0.35

8. Tools for WDM Used Two years experimental work(1997-1998) Working in real conditions since 1999 Grey Water Treatment Plant (GWTP) at a Household

9. Tools for WDM Used • New Water Conservation Measure Since 1999 • Initial Subsidy: €350 (from 1999 to 2003) • Subsidy Increase to:€700 since 2003 • New Increase to : €1050 • Current Subsidy at: €1700 or • 75% of installation costs

10. Tools for WDM Used • Number of Applications for the installation of GWTP increased with increasing subsidies • Substantial Increase of applications with the latest increase • Online application forms further increased the number of received applications www.moa.goc.cy/wdd

11. Tools for WDM Used GWTP at a School

12. Tools for WDM Used GWTP at an Army Camp

13. Tools for WDM Used GWTP at a Football Field

14. Tools for WDM Used • Visits and lectures to Schools to stress the importance of water conservation • Water Recycling was introduced to the curriculum

15. Tools for WDM Used • Student Drawing Competitions were introduced • Publication of yearly Calendars with the winning drawings

16. The slogan in Greek says: “The water is as valuable as our County”

17. Lessons Learnt • Practical means of assisting water demand management • One Person’s Reduction in Water Use Makes Water Available for Someone Else to Use. • Conservation Achieved: 35 – 40% i.e. the conservation of drinking water from every 2 persons covers the needs of a 3rd person. • There is at the moment a saving of 2.0 MCM per Year of drinking water • Beneficial to the Environment

18. Water Saved is Exactly the same as the Water Supplied Drinking Water Supply from new projects Conclusions Consumer Based Sustainable Water Demand Management Part of and Integrated Water Demand Management Policy

19. Conclusions • Conservation Achieved: 35 – 40% • Drinking water saved is 4 times cheaper • Practical, decentralised method • Need for central sewerage systems is diminished • Can be used as a teaching tool • The importance of education and the development of a conservation mentality has been recognized and put into use • The public participation in water saving measures needs time, effort and incentives to be successfulfor a successful WDM

20. THANK YOU