World War I The Great War

1. World War IThe Great War

2. World War I • The outbreak of World War I forced the United States to focus on foreign affairs. • European causes of the “Great War”: • Militarism and “Entangling Alliances” • Nationalism and competing colonial ambitions • The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, June 28, 1914 at Sarajevo by Gavril Princeps.

3. Franz Ferdinand and Sophie June 28, 1914

4. The AlliancesThe “Triple Entente” • The Allies: • Great Britain • France • Russia (until 1917) • The United States (after 1917)

5. The AlliancesThe Central Powers • Germany • Austro-Hungarian Empire • The Ottoman Empire

6. The Great WarThe Western Front • After initial German successes, new technology forced both sides into the bloody stalemate known as “trench warfare.” Thousands died for the gain of a few yards.

7. World War IThe New Technology The Submarine Aircraft Poison Gas The Machinegun

8. World War I • President Wilson promised neutrality • Germany’s use of “unrestricted” submarine warfare leads to the sinking of the “Lusitania” on May 7th, 1915. Over 120 Americans killed. • Due to our protest, Germany suspends policy.

9. World War I • America declares war on April 2, 1917. Causes: • Renewal of submarine warfare • Zimmerman Telegram • Collapse of Russia • Our economic and cultural ties to the Allies

10. World War I • American Expeditionary Force (AEF) commanded by Gen. John Pershing • Battles: • Chateau-Thierry • Belleau Wood • Argonne Forest • Armistice at 11:00, 11 November 1918.

11. World War I“Over There” Sergeant Alvin C. York General John J. Pershing Captain Eddie Rickenbacker “Doughboys”

12. World War IThe War at Home • Just as the Doughboys were mobilized by the draft, the home front was mobilized: • The National War Labor Board resolved labor disputes to insure production of vital materials • Afro-Americans moved north to take new defense jobs • Liberty Bond drives and increased taxation helped raise funds.

13. World War IThe War at Home • Herbert Hoover led the new Food Administration in rationing, featuring: • “Wheatless Mondays” • “Meatless Tuesdays” • “Porkless Thursdays” • Victory Gardens were popular

14. World War IThe War at Home • The end of World War I overshadowed one of the greatest epidemics of all time - the 1918 Flu Epidemic. Worldwide, over 20 million died. • More troops died of the flu than enemy action.

15. World War ILosing the Peace • The Treaty of Versailles set the stage for World War II: • Allied desire for revenge • US refusal to ratify • Wilson’s idealism, the “14 Points” • Failure of the League of Nations

16. World War IReturn to “Normalcy” • Disenchantment with our experience in World War I led to • A rejection of all foreign involvement • Repression at home • The Palmer Raids • Rebirth of the KKK • Fear of “Radicalism”

17. Works Cited • Appleby, Joyce. The American Journey. New York: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 1998. • Tindall, George Brown. America: A Narrative History. 4th ed.. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1996. • Albright, Alan. "The World War I Document Archive" World War I Military History List. Apr. 2003 <http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/> • Cohen, George M.. ""Over There"" Library of Congress Library of Congress. 29 Apr. 2003 <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/vshtml/vssnde.html>