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Absolutist France and the Decline of Spain

Absolutist France and the Decline of Spain. 9/27/11. Policies that strengthened the power of the French State…. Policies that strengthened the power of the French State…. Policies that strengthened the power of the French State…. A Broad View… The Modern World.

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Absolutist France and the Decline of Spain

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  1. Absolutist France and the Decline of Spain 9/27/11

  2. Policies that strengthened the power of the French State…

  3. Policies that strengthened the power of the French State…

  4. Policies that strengthened the power of the French State…

  5. A Broad View… The Modern World 1517 – Luther nails 95 Theses to the Wittenburg Church 1642-1688 – English Civil War & Glorious Revolution 1453 – End of Hundred Years War 1701-1713: War of Spanish Succession 1534 – British Parliament passes Act of Supremacy Rise of the Middle Class & Electoral Politics Secular Enlightenment 1400 Renaissance Western and Central Europe Reformation 1800 Formation of Nation-States 1492 – Columbus lands in the Caribbean 1618-1648: Thirty Years War – war b/w Catholics and Protestants 1776 – American Revolution 1494-1559 – France and Spain fight for control of Italy; Italian economy and power decline. 1789 – French Revolution

  6. 1500-1660: Hapsburg Dominance • Ruling family of the HRE (Emperor) • Until 1559, Valois of Fr. & Hapsburg fight over Italy • France declines bc Protestant & Catholics fighting at home • Two branches of Hapsburg power: Austria & Spain • Two main opponents: England & Holland • Decline of Spain • 1588: Spanish Armada defeated by the British • 1609: Phillip II expels all converted Muslims • 1715: Agricultural crisis and population decline • Flow of silver from Americas lessening • Royal expenditures kept rising; bankruptcies declared 5X! • Business hurt by inflation; Nobility raised rents

  7. France on the Rise… • 1622 –Spain at war w/ Dutch over religion & taxes • 1628 – Spain at war w/ France in the Thirty Years War • 1640 - Portugal gains independence under a dif. dynasty • 1659 – Treaty of the Pyrenees: Spain surrendered large territories to France and bequeathed Spanish Crown to Bourbons. • Bourbons = ruling family of France beginning with Henry IV [switched to Catholicism] • This war leads to the Fronde in France – a noble rebellion against the centralizing policies of the French monarchy under Cardinal Mazarin (a young Louis XIV) • Louis XIV develops an Absolutist State centralized from his palace in Versailles

  8. France on Top of the World • Mercantilism: govt economic policies seeking to protect the home economy, create a merchant marine for trade, and seize foreign lands for their goods (colonization). • This policy goes hand in hand w/ Colonialism • Louis XIV still a king, with Medieval tendencies • WAR! “Be a conqueror”  Enlarge family domains • Naturally, in 1700, when Spanish king died w/ no successor, Louis sought to take the kingdom  War of Spanish Succession • Balance of Power principle – no one Euro power should be become too powerful • Peace of Utrecht (1713) – Principle of Partition – territories divided amongst various participant countries • England winners • France down, but still alive • Spain, Dutch losers

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