1 / 28

chemistry

chemistry. The Laws Governing Formulas and Names. 9.5. A birthday cake for a four-year-old has four candles. The ratio of candles to birthday cake is 4:1. In chemistry, similar relationships exist among the masses of elements as they combine in compounds. 9.5.

kenton
Télécharger la présentation

chemistry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. chemistry

  2. The Laws Governing Formulas and Names 9.5 • A birthday cake for a four-year-old has four candles. The ratio of candles to birthday cake is 4:1. In chemistry, similar relationships exist among the masses of elements as they combine in compounds.

  3. 9.5 The Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions • The Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions • What are the two laws that describe how compounds form?

  4. 9.5 The Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions • The rules for naming and writing formulas for compounds are possible only because compounds form from the elements in predictable ways. • These ways are summed up in two laws: the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions.

  5. 9.5 The Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions • The Law of Definite Proportions • The law of definite proportions states that in samples of any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportions.

  6. 9.5 The Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions • Water obeys the law of definite proportions. In every sample of water, the mass ratio of oxygen to hydrogen is always 8:1.

  7. 9.5 The Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions • Hydrogen peroxide obeys the law of definite proportions. The mass ratio of oxygen to hydrogen is always 16:1.

  8. 9.5 The Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions • The Law of Multiple Proportions • The law of multiple proportions: Whenever the same two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.

  9. 9.5 The Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions • A Diagram of the Law of Multiple Proportions

  10. 9.1

  11. 9.1

  12. 9.1

  13. 9.1

  14. Practice Problems for Sample Problem 9.1 Problem Solving 9.34 Solve Problem 34 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

  15. 9.5 Practicing Skills: Naming Chemical Compounds • Practicing Skills: Naming Chemical Compounds • How do you use a flowchart to write the name of a chemical compound?

  16. 9.5 Practicing Skills: Naming Chemical Compounds • Follow the arrows and answer the questions on the flowchart to write the correct name for a compound.

  17. 9.5 Practicing Skills: Naming Chemical Compounds

  18. 9.5 Practicing Skills: Naming Chemical Compounds • CuSO4 is an example from the flowchart. The compound will end in -ite or -ate. Cu is not part of Group A, so you must name the ions and use a Roman numeral to identify the charge of the transition metal. The name is copper(II) sulfate.

  19. 9.4 Practicing Skills: Naming Chemical Compounds • Practicing Skills: Writing Chemical Formulas • What four guidelines should you follow to write the formula of a chemical compound?

  20. 9.5 Practicing Skills: Naming Chemical Compounds • In writing a chemical formula from a chemical name, it is helpful to remember the following guidelines. • An -ide ending generally indicates a binary compound. • An -ite or -ate ending means a polyatomic ion that includes oxygen is in the formula.

  21. 9.5 Practicing Skills: Naming Chemical Compounds • Prefixes in a name generally indicate that the compound is molecular. • A Roman numeral after the name of a cation shows the ionic charge of the cation.

  22. 9.5 Practicing Skills: Naming Chemical Compounds

  23. Section Quiz 9.5. • Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 9.5.

  24. Section Quiz 9.5. • 1. The law of definite proportions states that in samples of any chemical compound, the elements are always in the same proportion by • mass. • volume. • group number. • period number.

  25. Section Quiz 9.5. • 2. You want to write the chemical formula for iron(II) chloride. Based on Figure 9.22, after identifying symbols, what is the correct next step in the flowchart? • Group A elements • Roman numerals • Balance charges • Polyatomic ions

  26. Section Quiz 9.5. • 3. Using the flowchart in Figure 9.20, if you determine that the name of an ion ends in -ite or -ate, the ion is a • polyatomic cation. • polyatomic anion. • transition metal cation. • group A anion.

  27. Concept Map Concept Map 9 Solve the Concept Map with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

  28. END OF SHOW

More Related