POETRY: Study Guide for Sound Techniques & Figurative Language Test

1. POETRY:Study Guide for Sound Techniques & Figurative Language Test

2. SOUND TECHNIQUES How do writers use sound techniques in poetry?

3. Lines and Stanzas • A line is a single row of words in a poem. • A stanza is a group of lines in a poem separated by space (like a paragraph)

4. Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. (A word always rhymes with itself.) LAMP STAMP Share the short “a” vowel sound Share the combined “mp” consonant sound What is rhyme?

5. What is a Rhyming Poem? • A rhyming poem is a verse poem that contains rhyming words at the end of certain lines. • Example: Night time by Lee Bennet Hopkins How do dreams know when to creep into my head when I fall off to Sleep?

6. END RHYME • A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line • Hector the Collector • Collected bits of string. • Collected dolls with broken heads • And rusty bells that would not ring.

7. RHYME SCHEME • A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always). • Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern. (See next slide for an example.)

8. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME • The Germ by Ogden Nash • A mighty creature is the germ, • Though smaller than the pachyderm. • His customary dwelling place • Is deep within the human race. • His childish pride he often pleases • By giving people strange diseases. • Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? • You probably contain a germ. a a b b c c a a

9. A Rhyming Poem Marty Smarty went to a party In her jumbo jet. After tea she jumped in the sea And got her pants all wet. John Foster Can you identify the rhyming pattern in this poem?

10. A Rhyming Poem Rhyming words Marty Smarty went to a party In her jumbo jet. After tea she jumped in the sea And got her pants all wet. John Foster Can you identify the rhyming pattern in this poem?

11. A Rhyming Poem Rhyming words Marty Smarty went to a party In her jumbo jet. After tea she jumped in the sea And got her pants all wet. John Foster Can you identify the rhyming pattern in this poem?

12. A Rhyming Poem pattern A Marty Smarty went to a party In her jumbo jet. After tea she jumped in the sea And got her pants all wet. John Foster B A B Can you identify the rhyming pattern in this poem?

13. What is alliteration? • When two or more words in a poem begin with the same letter or sound • If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

14. ALLITERATION Sheila Shorter sought a suitor; Shelia sought a suitor short. Sheila’s suitor’s sure to suit her; Short’s the suitor Sheila sought! by Michael Rosen

15. ALLITERATION Down the slippery slide they slid Sitting slightly sideways; Slipping swiftly see them skid On holidays and Fridays.

16. ALLITERATION A fly and a flea flew up in a flue. Said the fly to the flea, “What shall we do?” “Let’s fly,” said the flea. “Let’s flee,” said the fly. So they fluttered and flew up a flaw in the flue.

17. What is repetition? • Repeated words or phrases • Repetition of sounds, words, and ideas adds to the power and precision of poetry. • Sometimes the first line of the poem is repeated at the end. • Sometimes a word or phrases is repeated within the poem to enhance the rhythm.

18. REPETITION Give me the splendid silent sun with all its beams full-dazzling, Give me juicy autumnal fruit ripe and red from the orchard, Give me a field where the unmowed grass grows, Give me an arbor, give me the trellised grape, Give me fresh corn and wheat, give me serene-moving animals teaching content. Give me nights perfectly quiet as on high plateaus west of the Mississippi, and I am looking up at the stars. Give me odorous at sunrise a garden of beautiful flowers where I can walk undisturbed. by Walt Whitman

19. What is onomatopoeia? • Words that imitate the sound they are naming • BUZZ ZIP

20. Time For Review! • What is a line? • What is a stanza? • What is a rhyme? Give an example. • What is a rhyme scheme? Give an example. • What is alliteration? Give an example. • What is repetition? Give an example. • What is onomatopoeia? Give me an example.

21. LITERARY DEVICES How do writers use literary devices in poetry?

22. What is figurative language? • A tool that an author uses to help the reader visualize what is happening in a story or poem • Some common types are: simile, metaphor, personification, and imagery.

23. What is a simile? • A comparison using “like” or “as” • It usually compares two dissimilar objects. • “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

24. What is a metaphor? • States that one thing is something else. • It is a comparison, but it does NOT use “like” or “as” to make the comparison. “All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.” - William Shakespeare

25. Giving human qualities, feelings, actions, or characteristics to an inanimate (non-living) object (thing, idea, or animal). What is personification?

26. Ex: “The window winked at me.” The verb, wink, is a human action. A window is an inanimate object. PERSONIFICATION

27. What is imagery? • The use of vivid description, usually rich in sensory words, to create pictures or images in the reader’s mind • Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell. • Involves one or more of your five senses then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather . . . from “Those Winter Sundays”

28. IMAGERY excerpt from The Mouse and the Cake Eliza Cook A mouse found a beautiful piece of plum cake, The richest and sweetest that mortal could make; ‘Twas heavy with citron and fragrant with spice, and covered with sugar all sparkling as ice.

29. Time For Review! • What is figurative language? What are some types of figurative language? • What is a simile? Give an example. • What is a metaphor? Give an example. • How are similes and metaphors the same? How are they different? • What is personification? Give an example. • What is imagery? Give an example.