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The Origins of Life: Interstellar Organic Matter and Carbon-Based Molecules

This overview discusses the intricate chemical processes and theoretical frameworks surrounding the origins of life on Earth, emphasizing the role of interstellar organic matter and carbon-based molecules. It addresses the various forms of carbon, such as graphite, fullerenes, and nanostructures, alongside metabolic pathways critical for life, including carbon assimilation and energy utilization. The piece also delves into the challenges of oxidation-reduction states, the significance of reducing equivalents, and theories like the primordial soup and coacervates in life's molecular genesis.

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The Origins of Life: Interstellar Organic Matter and Carbon-Based Molecules

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  1. Evoluce 2, 2011 Uhlík

  2. Schopf Cradle of life

  3. Schopf

  4. Schopf Cradle of life

  5. Nature 493, 86, 2013

  6. a diamant, b-grafit, c-londsdaleit, d-f fullereny, g – amorfní C, h – nanotrubice,

  7. grafen

  8. koronen Příklady polycyklických aromatických uhlovodíků

  9. kerogen

  10. huminová kyselina

  11. palimpsest

  12. Organický uhlík • Energie • Informace • Uspořádanost • Paměť • Katalýza • Metabolismus

  13. Asimilace C do organických molekul uhlovodíky CO (4+) CO2 CH4 (4-) HCHO org. kyseliny CH3OH cukry C (0) CO(NH2)2 • Problémy: • Oxidačně-redukční stupeň • Energie (+ aktivační energie) • Uhlíkový řetězec

  14. OCN- + NH4+ → CO(NH2)2 kyanatan amonný močovina

  15. Vysoká aktivační energie

  16. Mezihvězdná organická hmota? Bizarní molekuly, naředěné Prachové částice Povrchy ledových krystalů Komety Mohly organické látky z vesmíru přežít? Goldova teorie - viz Markoš & Cílek Hluboká horká biosféra; Vesmír 79, 253, 2000/5

  17. Teorie vzniku: Polévka, koacerváty

  18. Miller / Urey 1953

  19. Cairns-Smith

  20. Cairns-Smith

  21. Chiralita

  22. 2H2 + CO2 + energie → CH2O + H2O

  23. RUBISCO Ribulose bisphospate carboxylase / oxygenase

  24. asimilace energie asimilace Nutná přítomnost dýchacího řetězce

  25. Step 5: 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase Role of ferredoxin not completely understood. Step 9: pyruvate synthase/ pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PS/PFOR) Requires a source of reducing equivalents and enzyme transfers reducing equivalents to discrete electron acceptors. Found 2 different ferredoxins used as electron donors. Chlorobium tepidum M. Hügler et al.,J. Bacter.2005, 187, 3020

  26. Asimilace CO2 Ferredoxin, NADPH, ATP

  27. ferredoxin

  28. Ferredoxin

  29. Frakcionace izotopů

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